Adding repository index generational files #19002
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Before, a repository would maintain an index file (named 'index') per
repository, that contained the current snapshots in the repository.
This file was not atomically written, so repositories had to depend on
listing the blobs in the repository to determine what the current
snapshots are, and only rely on the index file if the repository does
not support the listBlobs operation. This could cause an incorrect view
of the current snapshots in the repository if any prior snapshot delete
operations failed to delete snapshot metadata files.
This commit introduces the atomic writing of the index file, and because
atomic writes are not guaranteed if the file already exists, we write to
a generational index file (index-N, where N is the current generation).
We also maintain an index-latest file that contains the current
generation, for those repositories that cannot list blobs.
Relates #18156