diff --git a/src/Tasks/Microsoft.NET.Build.Tasks/ProcessFrameworkReferences.cs b/src/Tasks/Microsoft.NET.Build.Tasks/ProcessFrameworkReferences.cs
index 792c578a70f8..db6794618092 100644
--- a/src/Tasks/Microsoft.NET.Build.Tasks/ProcessFrameworkReferences.cs
+++ b/src/Tasks/Microsoft.NET.Build.Tasks/ProcessFrameworkReferences.cs
@@ -127,17 +127,15 @@ public class ProcessFrameworkReferences : TaskBase
 
         private Version _normalizedTargetFrameworkVersion;
 
-        protected override void ExecuteCore()
+        void AddPacksForFrameworkReferences(
+            List<ITaskItem> packagesToDownload,
+            List<ITaskItem> runtimeFrameworks,
+            List<ITaskItem> targetingPacks,
+            List<ITaskItem> runtimePacks,
+            List<ITaskItem> unavailableRuntimePacks,
+            out List<KnownRuntimePack> knownRuntimePacksForTargetFramework
+        )
         {
-            //  Perf optimization: If there are no FrameworkReference items, then don't do anything
-            //  (This means that if you don't have any direct framework references, you won't get any transitive ones either
-            if (FrameworkReferences == null || FrameworkReferences.Length == 0)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _normalizedTargetFrameworkVersion = NormalizeVersion(new Version(TargetFrameworkVersion));
-
             var knownFrameworkReferencesForTargetFramework =
                 KnownFrameworkReferences
                     .Select(item => new KnownFrameworkReference(item))
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ protected override void ExecuteCore()
             //  Get known runtime packs from known framework references.
             //  Only use items where the framework reference name matches the RuntimeFrameworkName.
             //  This will filter out known framework references for "profiles", ie WindowsForms and WPF
-            var knownRuntimePacksForTargetFramework =
+            knownRuntimePacksForTargetFramework =
                 knownFrameworkReferencesForTargetFramework
                     .Where(kfr => kfr.Name.Equals(kfr.RuntimeFrameworkName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                     .Select(kfr => kfr.ToKnownRuntimePack())
@@ -160,12 +158,6 @@ protected override void ExecuteCore()
 
             var frameworkReferenceMap = FrameworkReferences.ToDictionary(fr => fr.ItemSpec, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
-            List<ITaskItem> packagesToDownload = new List<ITaskItem>();
-            List<ITaskItem> runtimeFrameworks = new List<ITaskItem>();
-            List<ITaskItem> targetingPacks = new List<ITaskItem>();
-            List<ITaskItem> runtimePacks = new List<ITaskItem>();
-            List<ITaskItem> unavailableRuntimePacks = new List<ITaskItem>();
-
             HashSet<string> unrecognizedRuntimeIdentifiers = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
             bool windowsOnlyErrorLogged = false;
@@ -367,6 +359,39 @@ var runtimeRequiredByDeployment
                     runtimeFrameworks.Add(runtimeFramework);
                 }
             }
+        }
+
+        protected override void ExecuteCore()
+        {
+            List<ITaskItem> packagesToDownload = null;
+            List<ITaskItem> runtimeFrameworks = null;
+            List<ITaskItem> targetingPacks = null;
+            List<ITaskItem> runtimePacks = null;
+            List<ITaskItem> unavailableRuntimePacks = null;
+            List<KnownRuntimePack> knownRuntimePacksForTargetFramework = null;
+
+            //  Perf optimization: If there are no FrameworkReference items, then don't do anything
+            //  (This means that if you don't have any direct framework references, you won't get any transitive ones either
+            if (FrameworkReferences != null && FrameworkReferences.Length != 0)
+            {
+                _normalizedTargetFrameworkVersion = NormalizeVersion(new Version(TargetFrameworkVersion));
+
+                packagesToDownload = new List<ITaskItem>();
+                runtimeFrameworks = new List<ITaskItem>();
+                targetingPacks = new List<ITaskItem>();
+                runtimePacks = new List<ITaskItem>();
+                unavailableRuntimePacks = new List<ITaskItem>();
+                AddPacksForFrameworkReferences(
+                    packagesToDownload,
+                    runtimeFrameworks,
+                    targetingPacks,
+                    runtimePacks,
+                    unavailableRuntimePacks,
+                    out knownRuntimePacksForTargetFramework);
+            }
+
+            _normalizedTargetFrameworkVersion ??= NormalizeVersion(new Version(TargetFrameworkVersion));
+            packagesToDownload ??= new List<ITaskItem>();
 
             List<ITaskItem> implicitPackageReferences = new List<ITaskItem>();
 
@@ -417,22 +442,22 @@ var runtimeRequiredByDeployment
                 PackagesToDownload = packagesToDownload.Distinct(new PackageToDownloadComparer<ITaskItem>()).ToArray();
             }
 
-            if (runtimeFrameworks.Any())
+            if (runtimeFrameworks?.Any() == true)
             {
                 RuntimeFrameworks = runtimeFrameworks.ToArray();
             }
 
-            if (targetingPacks.Any())
+            if (targetingPacks?.Any() == true)
             {
                 TargetingPacks = targetingPacks.ToArray();
             }
 
-            if (runtimePacks.Any())
+            if (runtimePacks?.Any() == true)
             {
                 RuntimePacks = runtimePacks.ToArray();
             }
 
-            if (unavailableRuntimePacks.Any())
+            if (unavailableRuntimePacks?.Any() == true)
             {
                 UnavailableRuntimePacks = unavailableRuntimePacks.ToArray();
             }
@@ -442,22 +467,25 @@ var runtimeRequiredByDeployment
                 ImplicitPackageReferences = implicitPackageReferences.ToArray();
             }
 
-            // Determine the known runtime identifier platforms based on all available Microsoft.NETCore.App packs
-            HashSet<string> knownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-            var netCoreAppPacks = knownRuntimePacksForTargetFramework.Where(krp => krp.Name.Equals("Microsoft.NETCore.App", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
-            foreach (KnownRuntimePack netCoreAppPack in netCoreAppPacks)
+            if (knownRuntimePacksForTargetFramework?.Any() == true)
             {
-                foreach (var runtimeIdentifier in netCoreAppPack.RuntimePackRuntimeIdentifiers.Split(';'))
+                // Determine the known runtime identifier platforms based on all available Microsoft.NETCore.App packs
+                HashSet<string> knownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                var netCoreAppPacks = knownRuntimePacksForTargetFramework!.Where(krp => krp.Name.Equals("Microsoft.NETCore.App", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+                foreach (KnownRuntimePack netCoreAppPack in netCoreAppPacks)
                 {
-                    int separator = runtimeIdentifier.LastIndexOf('-');
-                    string platform = separator < 0 ? runtimeIdentifier : runtimeIdentifier.Substring(0, separator);
-                    knownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms.Add(platform);
+                    foreach (var runtimeIdentifier in netCoreAppPack.RuntimePackRuntimeIdentifiers.Split(';'))
+                    {
+                        int separator = runtimeIdentifier.LastIndexOf('-');
+                        string platform = separator < 0 ? runtimeIdentifier : runtimeIdentifier.Substring(0, separator);
+                        knownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms.Add(platform);
+                    }
                 }
-            }
 
-            if (knownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms.Count > 0)
-            {
-                KnownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms = knownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms.ToArray();
+                if (knownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms.Count > 0)
+                {
+                    KnownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms = knownRuntimeIdentifierPlatforms.ToArray();
+                }
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/Tasks/Microsoft.NET.Build.Tasks/targets/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets b/src/Tasks/Microsoft.NET.Build.Tasks/targets/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets
index c35faba0271f..345bf8a69a9c 100644
--- a/src/Tasks/Microsoft.NET.Build.Tasks/targets/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets
+++ b/src/Tasks/Microsoft.NET.Build.Tasks/targets/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!--
+<!--
 ***********************************************************************************************
 Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
 
   <Target Name="ProcessFrameworkReferences" BeforeTargets="_CheckForInvalidConfigurationAndPlatform;CollectPackageReferences;CollectPackageDownloads"
           DependsOnTargets="AddWindowsSdkKnownFrameworkReferences"
-          Condition="'@(FrameworkReference)' != ''">
+          Condition="'@(FrameworkReference)' != '' Or '$(_RequiresILLinkPack)' == 'true'">
 
     <CheckForDuplicateFrameworkReferences
         FrameworkReferences="@(FrameworkReference)"
diff --git a/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToPublishAHelloWorldProject.cs b/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToPublishAHelloWorldProject.cs
index db04eb8aeacd..48dc86f99ea4 100644
--- a/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToPublishAHelloWorldProject.cs
+++ b/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToPublishAHelloWorldProject.cs
@@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ public void It_publishes_with_implicit_rid_with_rid_specific_properties(string e
             var testProject = new TestProject()
             {
                 Name = "PublishImplicitRid",
-                TargetFrameworks = $"net472;{ToolsetInfo.CurrentTargetFramework}",
+                TargetFrameworks = ToolsetInfo.CurrentTargetFramework
             };
             testProject.AdditionalProperties.Add("IsPublishable", "false");
             var testAsset = _testAssetsManager.CreateTestProject(testProject, identifier: executeOptionsAndProperties);
diff --git a/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToPublishASingleFileApp.cs b/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToPublishASingleFileApp.cs
index 932f191c433c..f5f6b8f17e89 100644
--- a/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToPublishASingleFileApp.cs
+++ b/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToPublishASingleFileApp.cs
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public void It_errors_when_publishing_single_file_lib()
             var testProject = new TestProject()
             {
                 Name = "ClassLib",
-                TargetFrameworks = "netstandard2.0",
+                TargetFrameworks = "netcoreapp3.0",
                 IsExe = false,
             };
 
@@ -187,7 +187,9 @@ public void It_errors_when_targetting_netstandard()
                 .Should()
                 .Fail()
                 .And
-                .HaveStdOutContaining(Strings.CanOnlyHaveSingleFileWithNetCoreApp)
+                // Single-file depends on ILLink analyzers, so fails early when trying
+                // to add the analyzer reference for an unsupported TFM.
+                .HaveStdOutContaining(Strings.ILLinkNoValidRuntimePackageError)
                 .And
                 .NotHaveStdOutContaining(Strings.CannotHaveSingleFileWithoutExecutable);
         }
@@ -210,7 +212,9 @@ public void It_errors_when_targetting_netcoreapp_2_x()
                 .Should()
                 .Fail()
                 .And
-                .HaveStdOutContaining(Strings.PublishSingleFileRequiresVersion30);
+                // Single-file depends on ILLink analyzers, so fails early when trying
+                // to add the analyzer reference for an unsupported TFM.
+                .HaveStdOutContaining(Strings.ILLinkNoValidRuntimePackageError);
         }
 
         [RequiresMSBuildVersionFact("16.8.0")]
diff --git a/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToRunILLink.cs b/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToRunILLink.cs
index 1fb36c17aee9..f31c4602a625 100644
--- a/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToRunILLink.cs
+++ b/src/Tests/Microsoft.NET.Publish.Tests/GivenThatWeWantToRunILLink.cs
@@ -162,11 +162,33 @@ public void ILLink_fails_when_no_matching_pack_is_found(string targetFramework)
         }
 
         [RequiresMSBuildVersionTheory("17.0.0.32901")]
-        // TODO: enable netstandard2.0 once ProcessFrameworkReferences is fixed to run
-        // when tool packs are referenced. See https://github.com/dotnet/sdk/pull/33062.
-        // Currently netstandard2.0 skips ProcessFrameworkReference because FrameworkReference
-        // is empty.
-        // [InlineData("netstandard2.0")]
+        [InlineData("netstandard2.0")]
+        [InlineData("netstandard2.1")]
+        public void ILLink_fails_on_unsupported_target_framework(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var projectName = "HelloWorld";
+            var rid = EnvironmentInfo.GetCompatibleRid(targetFramework);
+
+            var testProject = CreateTestProjectForILLinkTesting(targetFramework, projectName);
+            var testAsset = _testAssetsManager.CreateTestProject(testProject, identifier: targetFramework);
+
+            var buildCommand = new BuildCommand(testAsset);
+
+            buildCommand.Execute($"/p:RuntimeIdentifier={rid}", "/p:PublishTrimmed=true")
+                .Should().Fail()
+                .And.HaveStdOutContaining("error NETSDK1195");
+
+            buildCommand.Execute($"/p:RuntimeIdentifier={rid}", "/p:IsTrimmable=true")
+                .Should().Fail()
+                .And.HaveStdOutContaining("error NETSDK1195");
+
+            buildCommand.Execute($"/p:RuntimeIdentifier={rid}", "/p:EnableTrimAnalyzer=true")
+                .Should().Fail()
+                .And.HaveStdOutContaining("error NETSDK1195");
+        }
+
+        [RequiresMSBuildVersionTheory("17.0.0.32901")]
+        [InlineData("netstandard2.0")]
         [InlineData("netstandard2.1")]
         public void ILLink_can_use_latest_with_unsupported_target_framework(string targetFramework)
         {
@@ -1789,9 +1811,11 @@ public void It_warns_when_targeting_netcoreapp_2_x_illink()
 
             publishCommand.Execute($"/p:PublishTrimmed=true")
                 .Should()
-                .Pass()
+                .Fail()
                 .And
-                .HaveStdOutContaining(Strings.PublishTrimmedRequiresVersion30);
+                // Fails early when trying to add the illink pack for an
+                // unsupported TFM.
+                .HaveStdOutContaining(Strings.ILLinkNoValidRuntimePackageError);
         }
 
         private void SetMetadata(XDocument project, string assemblyName, string key, string value)