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@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ People on this website are centrally managed in the `/content/people/index.md` f
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*`key` ... short key to identify this person when referencing them in the blog section
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*`firstName`, `lastName`, `affiliation`
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*`image` ... name of the head shot image (preferred 500x500px in JPG format) stored in `/content/people/headshots`
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*`image` ... name of the head shot image (preferred 250x250px in JPG format) stored in `/content/people/headshots`
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*`description` ... used within the blog footer as an about the author text
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*`note` ...optional note about past contributors
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*`link` ... optional used for linking to a personal website
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News items are short announcements that should be persistent. The are centrally managed in the `/content/news/headless` directory. Each news item is its own file with content, title, and publication date.
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## Image Sizes and Aspect Ratios
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The website is configured to automatically resize images for optimized page load times. However, starting with a proper aspect ratio is essential.
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"Artifacts" are undesirable blurry or blocky areas of an image created during resizing or compression. The presence and impact of artifacts can be affected by multiple factors, including the original size (greater size difference to target -> more artifacts), but also the actual content of the image (slow gradients next to areas of high contrast are particularly bad). You can reduce or avoid artifacts by choosing an image which is closer to its target size, or swapping in an image with more background texture.
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Following images size and aspect ratios are used:
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| Image Type | Preferred Size | Aspect Ratio | Target Width |
The [Symptom Data Challenge](https://www.symptomchallenge.org/) challenged participants to enable earlier detection and improved situational awareness of the COVID-19 outbreak by using data from these symptom surveys. Check out the [the challenge website](https://www.symptomchallenge.org/) for more details about the Challenge and the finalists.
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### Blog posts and reports
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- Surgo Ventures, Resolve to Save Lives (2021). [COVID-19 Vaccine Precision Response Toolkit: An End-to-End Vaccination Improvement Framework to Improve COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake](https://surgoventures.org/resource-library/increasing-covid-19vaccine-uptake-a-four-step-framework-to-promote-access-acceptance-and-equity).
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- Alejandra Arrieta, Emmanuela Gakidou, Heidi Larson, Erin Mullany, and Christopher Troeger, April 1, 2021. [Through Understanding and Empathy, We Can Convince Women to Get the COVID-19 Vaccine](https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/through-understanding-and-empathy-we-can-convince-women-get-covid-19-vaccine). Think Global Health.
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- Joseph Friedman, Silvia Montoya and Emmanuela Gakidou, March 8, 2021. [Gender Equality in the Global Return to School](https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/gender-equality-global-return-school). Think Global Health.
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- Leanna Morinishi, Kris Barkume, Esther Kim, and Alex Reinhart, February 2, 2021. [Home for the Holidays? The Impact of US Holidays on Social Behaviors and Preventative Measures]({{< relref "2021-01-22-holiday-surveys" >}}). Delphi blog.
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- Alex Reinhart, Esther Kim, Andy Garcia, and Sarah LaRocca, January 28, 2021. [Using the COVID-19 Symptom Survey to Track Vaccination Uptake and Sentiment in the United States]({{< relref "2021-01-28-survey-vaccines" >}}). Delphi blog.
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- Alex Reinhart, October 12, 2020. [New and Improved COVID Symptom Survey Tracks Testing and Mask-Wearing]({{< relref "2020-10-06-survey-wave-4" >}}). Delphi blog.
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- Ryan Tibshirani, September 21, 2020. [Can Symptom Surveys Improve COVID-19 Forecasts?]({{< relref "2020-09-21-forecast-demo" >}}) Delphi blog.
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- Alex Reinhart and Ryan Tibshirani, August 26, 2020. [COVID-19 Symptom Surveys through Facebook]({{< relref "2020-08-26-fb-survey" >}}). Delphi blog.
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### Publications
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Our primary description of the survey and its results over the first year of operation was published as part of the [special feature "Beyond Cases and Deaths: The Benefits of Auxiliary Data Streams in Tracking the COVID-19 Pandemic"](https://www.pnas.org/cc/beyond-cases-and-deaths) in *PNAS*:
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- J. Salomon, A. Reinhart, A. Bilinski, E. J. Chua, W. La Motte-Kerr, M. M.
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Rönn, M. B. Reitsma, K. A. Morris, S. LaRocca, T. H. Farag, F. Kreuter, R.
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Rosenfeld, and R. J. Tibshirani (2021). [The US COVID-19 Trends and Impact
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Survey: Continuous real-time measurement of COVID-19 symptoms, risks,
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protective behaviors, testing, and
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vaccination](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2111454118). *Proceedings of the
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National Academy of Sciences* 118 (51) e2111454118.
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Other peer-reviewed publications using the survey data include:
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- D. P. Do and R. Frank (2022). [Prior COVID-19 infection: an underappreciated factor in vaccine hesitancy in the USA](https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab404). *Journal of Public Health*, fdab404.
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- C. Lupton-Smith, E. Badillo-Goicochea, T.-H. Chang, H. Maniates, K. E. Riehm, I. Schmid, and E. A. Stuart (2021). [Factors associated with county-level mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic](https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22785). *Journal of Community Psychology*.
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- D. P. Do and R. Frank (2021). [U.S. frontline workers and COVID-19 inequities](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106833). *Preventive Medicine* 153, 106833.
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- W. C. King, M. Rubinstein, A. Reinhart, and R. J. Mejia (2021). [COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy January-May 2021 among 18–64 year old US adults by employment and occupation](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101569). *Preventive Medicine Reports* 24, 101569.
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- Molteni, E., Astley, C.M., Ma, W. et al. (2021). [Symptoms and syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity in pregnant women from two community cohorts](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86452-3). *Scientific Reports* 11, 6928.
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- Rebeiro, P., Aronoff, D, and Smith, M.K. (2021). [The Impact of State Mask-Wearing Requirements on the Growth of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths in the United States](https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab101). *Clinical Infectious Diseases*, ciab101.
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- Rader, White, Burns, Chen, Brilliant, Cohen, Shaman, Brilliant, Kraemer, Moritz, Hawkins, Scarpino, Astley, and Brownstein (2021). [Mask-wearing and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA: a cross-sectional study](https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30293-4). *Lancet Digital Health* 3 (3), e148-e157.
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-Flaxman AD, Henning DJ and Duber HC (2020). [The relative incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers versus non-healthcare workers: evidence from a web-based survey of Facebook users in the United States](https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13202.2). *Gates Open Research*, 4:174.
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- Flaxman AD, Henning DJ and Duber HC (2020). [The relative incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers versus non-healthcare workers: evidence from a web-based survey of Facebook users in the United States](https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13202.2). *Gates Open Research*, 4:174.
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- Kreuter, F., Barkay, N., Bilinski, A., Bradford, A., Chiu, S., Eliat, R., Fan, J., Galili, T., Haimovich, D., Kim, B., LaRocca, S., Li, Y., Morris, K., Presser, S., Sarig, T., Salomon, J. A., Stewart, K., Stuart, E. A., & Tibshirani, R. J. (2020). [Partnering with a global platform to inform research and public policy making](https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7761). *Survey Research Methods*, 14 (2), 159-163.
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If you have used the survey data, or the aggregate data available in the COVIDcast API, to publish research results, please [contact us](#who-can-i-contact) so we can include your work here.
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### Blog posts and reports
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- Surgo Ventures, Resolve to Save Lives (2021). [COVID-19 Vaccine Precision Response Toolkit: An End-to-End Vaccination Improvement Framework to Improve COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake](https://surgoventures.org/resource-library/increasing-covid-19vaccine-uptake-a-four-step-framework-to-promote-access-acceptance-and-equity).
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- Alejandra Arrieta, Emmanuela Gakidou, Heidi Larson, Erin Mullany, and Christopher Troeger, April 1, 2021. [Through Understanding and Empathy, We Can Convince Women to Get the COVID-19 Vaccine](https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/through-understanding-and-empathy-we-can-convince-women-get-covid-19-vaccine). Think Global Health.
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- Joseph Friedman, Silvia Montoya and Emmanuela Gakidou, March 8, 2021. [Gender Equality in the Global Return to School](https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/gender-equality-global-return-school). Think Global Health.
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- Leanna Morinishi, Kris Barkume, Esther Kim, and Alex Reinhart, February 2, 2021. [Home for the Holidays? The Impact of US Holidays on Social Behaviors and Preventative Measures]({{< relref "2021-01-22-holiday-surveys" >}}). Delphi blog.
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- Alex Reinhart, Esther Kim, Andy Garcia, and Sarah LaRocca, January 28, 2021. [Using the COVID-19 Symptom Survey to Track Vaccination Uptake and Sentiment in the United States]({{< relref "2021-01-28-survey-vaccines" >}}). Delphi blog.
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- Alex Reinhart, October 12, 2020. [New and Improved COVID Symptom Survey Tracks Testing and Mask-Wearing]({{< relref "2020-10-06-survey-wave-4" >}}). Delphi blog.
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- Ryan Tibshirani, September 21, 2020. [Can Symptom Surveys Improve COVID-19 Forecasts?]({{< relref "2020-09-21-forecast-demo" >}}) Delphi blog.
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- Alex Reinhart and Ryan Tibshirani, August 26, 2020. [COVID-19 Symptom Surveys through Facebook]({{< relref "2020-08-26-fb-survey" >}}). Delphi blog.
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## Can I use the surveys in my research?
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Yes! Aggregate data is available for download through the [COVIDcast API]({{< apiref "api/covidcast.html">}}), updated daily. [R and Python clients are available]({{< apiref "api/covidcast_clients.html">}}) for the API. Aggregate data does not include any individual survey responses, only averages over counties and other geographic areas, and does not include all survey questions. See the [API documentation]({{< apiref "api/covidcast-signals/fb-survey.html">}}) for details on how to access the data, what survey questions are available, and how our aggregate values are calculated. Contingency tables giving demographic breakdowns of key survey signals are [also publicly available for download]({{< apiref "symptom-survey/contingency-tables.html">}}).
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