diff --git a/brainhack_book/_static/custom.css b/brainhack_book/_static/custom.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0e0f0a8e --- /dev/null +++ b/brainhack_book/_static/custom.css @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +#brainhack-glossary h1::before { content: none; } + +/* Letters */ +#brainhack-glossary h2::before { content: none; } +#brainhack-glossary h2 { margin: 0; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: 1px solid #CCC; padding: 1rem 0; position: relative; } +#brainhack-glossary h2:first-child { padding-top: 0.2rem; } +#brainhack-glossary h2:only-child { margin-bottom: 2.5rem; color: #CCC !important; border: none; } +#brainhack-glossary #references h2 { font-weight: 400; border-bottom: none; } + +/* Terms */ +#brainhack-glossary h3::before { content: none; } +#brainhack-glossary h3 { position: relative; } +#brainhack-glossary .section > .section:first-of-type > h3 { margin-top: 1.05rem; } +#brainhack-glossary h3:only-child { margin-bottom: 4.75rem; } +#brainhack-glossary h3:only-child:after { content: '⋯'; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -2.5rem; text-align: center; color: #CCC; } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/brainhack_book/glossary.md b/brainhack_book/glossary.md index 56c0f190..7e41264c 100644 --- a/brainhack_book/glossary.md +++ b/brainhack_book/glossary.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # Brainhack Glossary - - -## **A** - ---- +## A ### Academia The societal community of individuals and groups associated with education, research, scholarship, and learning, especially through university settings or research institutions. @@ -26,11 +22,7 @@ Any individual who attends or is present at the event, training, seminar, worksh ### Availability - - -## **B** - ---- +## B ### Background @@ -54,12 +46,9 @@ A bootcamp that helps individuals acquire and solidify the statistical and compu ### Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) A standard for organizing, annotating, and describing neuroimaging and behavioral data based on an agreed-upon, formalized structure for folders and files. +## C - -## **C** - ---- -### Citation: +### Citation A well-established measure of research impact; recognition or validation of research by others (Hersh and Plume, 2016). ### Community @@ -90,7 +79,7 @@ A suite of standardized licences that allow copyright holders to grant some righ ### Code-oriented -### Code readability +### Code Readability ### COBIDAS An OHBM committee created in June 2014 to represent the “Committee on Best Practice in Data Analysis & Sharing” (COBIDAS). @@ -104,10 +93,8 @@ Any individual who has contributed something back to the overall project. This i A collection of educational materials, lesson plans, or any other academic or training content taught as part of an educational course or program with a defined structure. +## D -## **D** - ---- ### Data All digitally available objects (simple or complex) that emerge or are the result of the research process. @@ -134,9 +121,7 @@ Detailed information about the background and methodological approaches about da -## **E** - ---- +## E ### Early Career Researcher (ECR) @@ -149,33 +134,26 @@ Detailed information about the background and methodological approaches about da ### Ethics / Research ethics The moral principles that govern how researchers should carry out their work. These principles are used to shape research regulations agreed by groups such as university governing bodies, communities or governments. All researchers should follow these regulations that apply to their work. +## F - -## **F** - ---- ### FAIR Data Findable, accessible, interoperable, and re-usable (FAIR) data, which facilitates knowledge discovery by assisting humans and machines in their discovery of, access to, integration and analysis of, task-appropriate scientific data and their associated algorithms and workflows. This definition is according with FORCE11 principles published in Nature Scientific Data. ### Free -### Fully open +### Fully Open ### Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) A neuroscience method that indirectly measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow associated with brain activity through the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. ### Funding - - -## **G** - ---- +## G ### GDPR General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) seeks to create a harmonised data protection law framework across the EU. It aims to restitute the control of personal data to citizens, whilst imposing strict rules on those hosting and 'processing' these data, anywhere in the world. The Regulation also introduces rules relating to the free movement of personal data within and outside the EU. -### Geographically unbounded +### Geographically Unbounded ### Github An online code hosting and version control service. It has a great many features to aid collaboration between users, and hosts a large number of open source projects. @@ -184,10 +162,7 @@ An online code hosting and version control service. It has a great many features A web-based DevOps lifecycle tool that provides a Git-repository manager providing wiki, issue-tracking and continuous integration and deployment pipeline features, using an open-source license, developed by GitLab Inc. - -## **H** - ---- +## H ### Hacking In this context, hacking does not refer to trying to break through the security of a computer system. Instead, it is understood as tinkering with a system to understand how it works, selecting a problem to learn how to solve it, or working with a process to gain knowledge on how to improve it. @@ -199,11 +174,7 @@ The term hackathon is a portmanteau of “hacking” and “marathon”. Traditi ### Hypothesis - - -## **I** - ---- +## I ### Inclusivity @@ -218,25 +189,14 @@ The term hackathon is a portmanteau of “hacking” and “marathon”. Traditi ### Intellectual Property A legal term that refers to creations of the mind. Examples of intellectual property include music, literature, paintings, sculpturing, video and other artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and phrases, symbols, and designs. +## J - -## **J** - ---- ### Journal A series of published research articles. Historically divided into volumes and issues. +## K - -## **K** - ---- - - - -## **L** - ---- +## L ### Lab @@ -244,21 +204,16 @@ A series of published research articles. Historically divided into volumes and i ### Licence This is a legal document that sets out the permissions for creative and academic work. It explains copyright, ensures proper attribution and sets out how others can copy, distribute and make use of the works. - -### Local event - - - -## **M** ---- +### Local Event +## M ### Management ### Maintainers Contributors who are responsible for driving the vision and managing the organizational aspects of the project. They may also be authors and/or owners of the project. - + ### Mattermost Community Forum ### Metadata @@ -270,13 +225,9 @@ Metadata provides a basic description of the data, often including authorship, d ### Multidisciplinary +## N - -## **N** - ---- - -### Neuroimaging pipeline framework +### Neuroimaging Pipeline Framework ### Neuroscientist @@ -285,11 +236,7 @@ Neurohackademy is a summer school in neuroimaging and data science, held at the ### Networking - - -## **O** - ---- +## O ### OHBM The Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) is an international society dedicated to using neuroimaging to discover the organization of the human brain. The Society's main purpose is that of advancing the understanding of the anatomical and functional organization of the human brain, and promoting its medical and societal applications (https://www.humanbrainmapping.org/). @@ -300,10 +247,10 @@ An open-access publishing platform publishing a broad range of research objects, ### Open Access Open Access refers to online, free of cost access to peer-reviewed scientific content with free reusability regarding copyright restrictions. -### Open access publishing (gratis) +### Open Access Publishing (gratis) The practice of making research publications available to anyone to read without charge. -### Open access publishing (libre) +### Open Access Publishing (libre) Libre open access is gratis, meaning the research is available free of charge, but it goes further by granting users the right to copy, reuse, and remix the publication ### Open Brain Consent @@ -317,9 +264,9 @@ The development of a fair evaluation system or protocol for research proposals, ### Open Lab Notebooks A concept of writing about research on a regular basis, such that research notes and data are accumulated and published online as soon as they are obtained. -### Open license¶ +### Open License A license is a document that specifies what can and cannot be done with a work. It grants permissions and states restrictions. Broadly speaking, an open license is one that grants permission to access, re-use and redistribute a work with few or no restrictions. - + ### Open Materials Sharing of research materials, for example, biological and geological samples, is another Open Science practice. @@ -328,11 +275,11 @@ Sharing of research materials, for example, biological and geological samples, i ### Open Peer Review An umbrella term for a number of overlapping ways that peer review models can be adapted in line with the aims of Open Science, including making reviewer and author identities open, publishing review reports and enabling greater participation in the peer review process. -### Open source project¶ +### Open Source Project A project in which a significant amount of collaboration between the core or leadership team and the wider community takes place in the form of online interactions. Community interactions should maintain transparency and openness of the project to facilitate the growth of your community. - + ### Open Science -A movement which aims to improve the strength of scientific inferences and the effectiveness of scientific communication, by reducing QUESTIONABLE RESEARCH PRACTICES, and making greater use of practices such as REPLICATION and PRE-PRINTS +Movement which aims to improve the strength of scientific inferences and the effectiveness of scientific communication, by reducing **questionable research practices**, and making greater use of practices such as **replication and pre-prints** ### Open Science Framework @@ -343,14 +290,10 @@ Availability of source code for a piece of software, along with an open source l ### Outcome +## P - -## **P** - ---- - -### P-hacking -collecting or selecting data or statistical analyses until non-significant results become significant (a QUESTIONABLE RESEARCH PRACTICE). +### P-Hacking +Collecting or selecting data or statistical analyses until non-significant results become significant (a **questionable research practice**). ### Participant @@ -370,37 +313,28 @@ Project ### Project Leader -### Project Pitching +### Project Pitching ### Publication ### Publishing Venue +## R - -## **R** - ---- ### Reliability ### Redistribution ### Registered Report A published report describing the hypotheses and planned method of a study, before the data is collected. Also known as a ‘pre-registration’ or ‘pre-reg’. - -### Repeated data inspection - -### Replication -Replication the repetition of a study’s method, to corroborate its results. An exact replication -is a repetition using exactly the same procedures as the original study. - + ### Repository A long-lived place on the internet where resources (be they data, software, publications or anything else) can be stored and accessed. This keyword is often shortened to ‘repo’. - + ### Reproducibility The degree to which the same methods, results, and inferences of a study can be produced again. Methods reproducibility is the degree to which the methods described in a study report can be performed again. This may be limited by a vague description in the study report or lack of openness in the data. Results reproducibility is the degree to which the same results are produced, in a new study with the same method Inferential reproducibility is the degree to which the same inferences are drawn, either in a new study with the same method and results or in a re-analysis of the original study. -### README file +### README File File where you document your research data. The documentation should be sufficient to enable other researchers to understand, replicate or reproduce the data or reuse them in any other way. ### Reporting Bias @@ -420,15 +354,11 @@ An institute, corporation or government body that provides financial assistance ### Reuse - - -## **S** - ---- +## S ### Sample Size -### Satellite events +### Satellite Events ### Scholarly Communication The creation, transformation, dissemination, and preservation of knowledge related to teaching, research, and scholarly endeavors; the process of academics, scholars and researchers sharing and publishing their research findings so that they are available to the wider academic community. The creation, transformation, dissemination, and preservation of knowledge related to teaching, research, and scholarly endeavors; the process of academics, scholars and researchers sharing and publishing their research findings so that they are available to the wider academic community. @@ -439,23 +369,19 @@ The creation, transformation, dissemination, and preservation of knowledge relat ### Self-organizing -### Scientific approach +### Scientific Approach -### Scientific practice +### Scientific Practice ### Sharing The joint use of a resource or space. A fundamental aspect of collaborative research. As most research is digitally-authored & digitally-published, the resulting digital content is non-rivalrous and can be shared without any loss to the original creator. ### Subscription -A form of business model whereby a fee is paid in order to gain access to a product or service - in this case, the outputs of scholarly research. +A form of business model whereby a fee is paid in order to gain access to a product or service—in this case, the outputs of scholarly research. ### Study Protocol - - -## **T** - ---- +## T ### Tool @@ -479,11 +405,7 @@ A series of educational talks or workshops that runs in parallel to the project ### Transparency - - -## **U** - ---- +## U ### Unconference @@ -491,22 +413,14 @@ A short session for participants to present their research, project work, or any ### Unconventional - - -## **V** - ---- +## V ### Version Control Version control is the management of changes to documents, computer programs, large web sites, and other collections of information in a logical and persistent manner, allowing for both track changes and the ability to revert a piece of information to a previous revision. -### Version control system - - +### Version Control System -## **W** - ---- +## W ### Workshop @@ -515,23 +429,16 @@ Version control is the management of changes to documents, computer programs, la ### Workforce The labor pool of a given institution, company, state, or group. It can be formal or informal, but either way, its main function is to unite. +## Y - -## **Y** +## Z --- - - -## **Z** - ---- - - -## **References** +## References [Open Science Training Handbook](https://open-science-training-handbook.gitbook.io/book/glossary) [OSF Open Science Glossary](https://osf.io/xbcaz/) -[Turing-Way Book Glossary](https://the-turing-way.netlify.app/afterword/glossary.html#) +[Turing-Way Book Glossary](https://the-turing-way.netlify.app/afterword/glossary.html#)