diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/ApiPlatformBundle.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/ApiPlatformBundle.php
index f7fc270f085..b149a7720d9 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Bundle/ApiPlatformBundle.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/ApiPlatformBundle.php
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 namespace ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle;
 
 use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\AttributeFilterPass;
+use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\AttributeResourcePass;
 use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\AuthenticatorManagerPass;
 use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\DataProviderPass;
 use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\ElasticsearchClientPass;
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ public function build(ContainerBuilder $container): void
         $container->addCompilerPass(new DataProviderPass());
         // Run the compiler pass before the {@see ResolveInstanceofConditionalsPass} to allow autoconfiguration of generated filter definitions.
         $container->addCompilerPass(new AttributeFilterPass(), PassConfig::TYPE_BEFORE_OPTIMIZATION, 101);
+        $container->addCompilerPass(new AttributeResourcePass());
         $container->addCompilerPass(new FilterPass());
         $container->addCompilerPass(new ElasticsearchClientPass());
         $container->addCompilerPass(new GraphQlTypePass());
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/ApiPlatformExtension.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/ApiPlatformExtension.php
index 4e273866bdb..3279336ed86 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/ApiPlatformExtension.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/ApiPlatformExtension.php
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
 use Symfony\Component\Config\FileLocator;
 use Symfony\Component\Config\Resource\DirectoryResource;
+use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ChildDefinition;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerBuilder;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Definition;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Exception\RuntimeException;
@@ -169,6 +170,11 @@ public function load(array $configs, ContainerBuilder $container): void
             ->addTag('api_platform.uri_variables.transformer');
         $container->registerForAutoconfiguration(ParameterProviderInterface::class)
             ->addTag('api_platform.parameter_provider');
+        $container->registerAttributeForAutoconfiguration(ApiResource::class, static function (ChildDefinition $definition): void {
+            $definition->setAbstract(true)
+                ->addTag('api_platform.resource')
+                ->addTag('container.excluded', ['source' => 'by #[ApiResource] attribute']);
+        });
 
         if (!$container->has('api_platform.state.item_provider')) {
             $container->setAlias('api_platform.state.item_provider', 'api_platform.state_provider.object');
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/Compiler/AttributeResourcePass.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/Compiler/AttributeResourcePass.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a81dba929bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/Compiler/AttributeResourcePass.php
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of the API Platform project.
+ *
+ * (c) Kévin Dunglas <dunglas@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler;
+
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\ApiResource;
+use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Compiler\CompilerPassInterface;
+use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * Registers resource classes from {@see ApiResource} attribute.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ *
+ * @author Jérôme Tamarelle <jerome@tamarelle.net>
+ */
+final class AttributeResourcePass implements CompilerPassInterface
+{
+    /**
+     * {@inheritdoc}
+     */
+    public function process(ContainerBuilder $container): void
+    {
+        $classes = $container->getParameter('api_platform.class_name_resources');
+
+        // findTaggedServiceIds cannot be used, as the services are excluded
+        foreach ($container->getDefinitions() as $definition) {
+            if ($definition->hasTag('api_platform.resource')) {
+                $classes[] = $definition->getClass();
+            }
+        }
+
+        $container->setParameter('api_platform.class_name_resources', array_unique($classes));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/Configuration.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/Configuration.php
index 9460dfcbce8..6dc5b9d3974 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/Configuration.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/DependencyInjection/Configuration.php
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ public function getConfigTreeBuilder(): TreeBuilder
                 ->end()
                 ->arrayNode('resource_class_directories')
                     ->prototype('scalar')->end()
+                    ->setDeprecated('api-platform/symfony', '4.1', 'The "resource_class_directories" configuration is deprecated, classes using #[ApiResource] attribute are autoconfigured by the dependency injection container.')
                 ->end()
                 ->arrayNode('serializer')
                     ->addDefaultsIfNotSet()
diff --git a/tests/Symfony/Bundle/ApiPlatformBundleTest.php b/tests/Symfony/Bundle/ApiPlatformBundleTest.php
index d6b1643e571..ffad7c49375 100644
--- a/tests/Symfony/Bundle/ApiPlatformBundleTest.php
+++ b/tests/Symfony/Bundle/ApiPlatformBundleTest.php
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\ApiPlatformBundle;
 use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\AttributeFilterPass;
+use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\AttributeResourcePass;
 use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\AuthenticatorManagerPass;
 use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\DataProviderPass;
 use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\ElasticsearchClientPass;
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ public function testBuild(): void
         $containerProphecy = $this->prophesize(ContainerBuilder::class);
         $containerProphecy->addCompilerPass(Argument::type(DataProviderPass::class))->willReturn($containerProphecy->reveal())->shouldBeCalled();
         $containerProphecy->addCompilerPass(Argument::type(AttributeFilterPass::class), PassConfig::TYPE_BEFORE_OPTIMIZATION, 101)->willReturn($containerProphecy->reveal())->shouldBeCalled();
+        $containerProphecy->addCompilerPass(Argument::type(AttributeResourcePass::class))->shouldBeCalled()->willReturn($containerProphecy->reveal())->shouldBeCalled();
         $containerProphecy->addCompilerPass(Argument::type(FilterPass::class))->willReturn($containerProphecy->reveal())->shouldBeCalled();
         $containerProphecy->addCompilerPass(Argument::type(ElasticsearchClientPass::class))->willReturn($containerProphecy->reveal())->shouldBeCalled();
         $containerProphecy->addCompilerPass(Argument::type(GraphQlTypePass::class))->willReturn($containerProphecy->reveal())->shouldBeCalled();