diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala
index beaf61f071232..8c8b33921e321 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala
@@ -487,6 +487,26 @@ object SQLConf {
     .intConf
     .createWithDefault(10000)
 
+  val VECTORIZED_HUGE_VECTOR_RESERVE_RATIO =
+    buildConf("spark.sql.inMemoryColumnarStorage.hugeVectorReserveRatio")
+      .doc("When spark.sql.inMemoryColumnarStorage.hugeVectorThreshold <= 0 or the required " +
+        "memory is smaller than spark.sql.inMemoryColumnarStorage.hugeVectorThreshold, spark " +
+        "reserves required memory * 2 memory; otherwise, spark reserves " +
+        "required memory * this ratio memory, and will release this column vector memory before " +
+        "reading the next batch rows.")
+      .version("4.0.0")
+      .doubleConf
+      .createWithDefault(1.2)
+
+  val VECTORIZED_HUGE_VECTOR_THRESHOLD =
+    buildConf("spark.sql.inMemoryColumnarStorage.hugeVectorThreshold")
+      .doc("When the required memory is larger than this, spark reserves required memory * " +
+        s"${VECTORIZED_HUGE_VECTOR_RESERVE_RATIO.key} memory next time and release this column " +
+        s"vector memory before reading the next batch rows. -1 means disabling the optimization.")
+      .version("4.0.0")
+      .bytesConf(ByteUnit.BYTE)
+      .createWithDefault(-1)
+
   val IN_MEMORY_PARTITION_PRUNING =
     buildConf("spark.sql.inMemoryColumnarStorage.partitionPruning")
       .internal()
@@ -4662,6 +4682,10 @@ class SQLConf extends Serializable with Logging with SqlApiConf {
 
   def columnBatchSize: Int = getConf(COLUMN_BATCH_SIZE)
 
+  def vectorizedHugeVectorThreshold: Int = getConf(VECTORIZED_HUGE_VECTOR_THRESHOLD).toInt
+
+  def vectorizedHugeVectorReserveRatio: Double = getConf(VECTORIZED_HUGE_VECTOR_RESERVE_RATIO)
+
   def cacheVectorizedReaderEnabled: Boolean = getConf(CACHE_VECTORIZED_READER_ENABLED)
 
   def defaultNumShufflePartitions: Int = getConf(SHUFFLE_PARTITIONS)
diff --git a/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/OffHeapColumnVector.java b/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/OffHeapColumnVector.java
index 5674a091f6d6c..bc2636caefd08 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/OffHeapColumnVector.java
+++ b/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/OffHeapColumnVector.java
@@ -84,9 +84,7 @@ public long valuesNativeAddress() {
     return data;
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public void close() {
-    super.close();
+  protected void releaseMemory() {
     Platform.freeMemory(nulls);
     Platform.freeMemory(data);
     Platform.freeMemory(lengthData);
@@ -97,6 +95,11 @@ public void close() {
     offsetData = 0;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public void close() {
+    super.close();
+  }
+
   //
   // APIs dealing with nulls
   //
diff --git a/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/OnHeapColumnVector.java b/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/OnHeapColumnVector.java
index 6e4a9c643e89c..56a96907f0f08 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/OnHeapColumnVector.java
+++ b/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/OnHeapColumnVector.java
@@ -80,9 +80,7 @@ public OnHeapColumnVector(int capacity, DataType type) {
     reset();
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public void close() {
-    super.close();
+  protected void releaseMemory() {
     nulls = null;
     byteData = null;
     shortData = null;
@@ -94,6 +92,11 @@ public void close() {
     arrayOffsets = null;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public void close() {
+    super.close();
+  }
+
   //
   // APIs dealing with nulls
   //
diff --git a/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/WritableColumnVector.java b/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/WritableColumnVector.java
index a8e4aad60c222..ac8da471f0033 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/WritableColumnVector.java
+++ b/sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/WritableColumnVector.java
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@
 public abstract class WritableColumnVector extends ColumnVector {
   private final byte[] byte8 = new byte[8];
 
+  protected abstract void releaseMemory();
+
   /**
    * Resets this column for writing. The currently stored values are no longer accessible.
    */
@@ -69,6 +71,12 @@ public void reset() {
       putNotNulls(0, capacity);
       numNulls = 0;
     }
+
+    if (hugeVectorThreshold > 0 && capacity > hugeVectorThreshold) {
+      capacity = defaultCapacity;
+      releaseMemory();
+      reserveInternal(capacity);
+    }
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -85,6 +93,7 @@ public void close() {
       dictionaryIds = null;
     }
     dictionary = null;
+    releaseMemory();
   }
 
   public void reserveAdditional(int additionalCapacity) {
@@ -95,7 +104,10 @@ public void reserve(int requiredCapacity) {
     if (requiredCapacity < 0) {
       throwUnsupportedException(requiredCapacity, null);
     } else if (requiredCapacity > capacity) {
-      int newCapacity = (int) Math.min(MAX_CAPACITY, requiredCapacity * 2L);
+      int newCapacity =
+          hugeVectorThreshold < 0 || requiredCapacity < hugeVectorThreshold ?
+              (int) Math.min(MAX_CAPACITY, requiredCapacity * 2L) :
+              (int) Math.min(MAX_CAPACITY, requiredCapacity * hugeVectorReserveRatio);
       if (requiredCapacity <= newCapacity) {
         try {
           reserveInternal(newCapacity);
@@ -846,7 +858,14 @@ public final void addElementsAppended(int num) {
   /**
    * Marks this column as being constant.
    */
-  public final void setIsConstant() { isConstant = true; }
+  public final void setIsConstant() {
+    if (childColumns != null) {
+      for (WritableColumnVector c : childColumns) {
+        c.setIsConstant();
+      }
+    }
+    isConstant = true;
+  }
 
   /**
    * Marks this column only contains null values.
@@ -867,12 +886,21 @@ public final boolean isAllNull() {
    */
   protected int capacity;
 
+  /**
+   * The default number of rows that can be stored in this column.
+   */
+  protected final int defaultCapacity;
+
   /**
    * Upper limit for the maximum capacity for this column.
    */
   @VisibleForTesting
   protected int MAX_CAPACITY = ByteArrayMethods.MAX_ROUNDED_ARRAY_LENGTH;
 
+  protected int hugeVectorThreshold;
+
+  protected double hugeVectorReserveRatio;
+
   /**
    * Number of nulls in this column. This is an optimization for the reader, to skip NULL checks.
    */
@@ -922,6 +950,9 @@ protected boolean isArray() {
   protected WritableColumnVector(int capacity, DataType dataType) {
     super(dataType);
     this.capacity = capacity;
+    this.defaultCapacity = capacity;
+    this.hugeVectorThreshold = SQLConf.get().vectorizedHugeVectorThreshold();
+    this.hugeVectorReserveRatio = SQLConf.get().vectorizedHugeVectorReserveRatio();
 
     if (isArray()) {
       DataType childType;
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/ColumnVectorSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/ColumnVectorSuite.scala
index 5e06eb729ea3e..b2b2729e90e16 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/ColumnVectorSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/ColumnVectorSuite.scala
@@ -19,13 +19,15 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.vectorized
 
 import org.apache.spark.SparkFunSuite
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.SpecificInternalRow
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.SQLHelper
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.columnar.ColumnAccessor
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.columnar.compression.ColumnBuilderHelper
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
 import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.vectorized.ColumnarArray
 import org.apache.spark.unsafe.types.UTF8String
 
-class ColumnVectorSuite extends SparkFunSuite {
+class ColumnVectorSuite extends SparkFunSuite with SQLHelper {
   private def withVector(
       vector: WritableColumnVector)(
       block: WritableColumnVector => Unit): Unit = {
@@ -588,6 +590,34 @@ class ColumnVectorSuite extends SparkFunSuite {
     }
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-44239: Test column vector reserve policy") {
+    withSQLConf(
+      SQLConf.VECTORIZED_HUGE_VECTOR_THRESHOLD.key -> "300",
+      SQLConf.VECTORIZED_HUGE_VECTOR_RESERVE_RATIO.key -> "1.2") {
+      val dataType = ByteType
+
+      Array(new OnHeapColumnVector(80, dataType),
+        new OffHeapColumnVector(80, dataType)).foreach { vector =>
+        try {
+          // The new capacity of small vector = request capacity * 2 and will not be reset
+          vector.appendBytes(100, 0)
+          assert(vector.capacity == 200)
+          vector.reset()
+          assert(vector.capacity == 200)
+
+          // The new capacity of huge vector = (request capacity - HUGE_VECTOR_THRESHOLD) * 1.2 +
+          // HUGE_VECTOR_THRESHOLD * 2 = 300 * 1.2 and will be reset.
+          vector.appendBytes(300, 0)
+          assert(vector.capacity == 360)
+          vector.reset()
+          assert(vector.capacity == 80)
+        } finally {
+          vector.close()
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   DataTypeTestUtils.yearMonthIntervalTypes.foreach { dt =>
     val structType = new StructType().add(dt.typeName, dt)
     testVectors("ColumnarRow " + dt.typeName, 10, structType) { v =>