diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ArrayBasedMapData.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ArrayBasedMapData.scala
index 3768f7a1824f1..5e02bc3b0de49 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ArrayBasedMapData.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ArrayBasedMapData.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util
 
+import scala.util.hashing.MurmurHash3
+
 import java.util.{Map => JavaMap}
 
 /**
@@ -35,6 +37,22 @@ class ArrayBasedMapData(val keyArray: ArrayData, val valueArray: ArrayData) exte
   override def toString: String = {
     s"keys: $keyArray, values: $valueArray"
   }
+
+  override def equals(obj: Any): Boolean = {
+    obj match {
+      case other: ArrayBasedMapData => keyArray == other.keyArray && valueArray == other.valueArray
+      case _ => false
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Hash this class as a Product of two hashCodes. We don't know the DataType which prevents us
+  // from getting individual rows for hashing as a Map.
+  override def hashCode(): Int = {
+    val seed = MurmurHash3.productSeed
+    val keyHash = scala.util.hashing.MurmurHash3.mix(seed, keyArray.hashCode())
+    val valueHash = scala.util.hashing.MurmurHash3.mix(keyHash, valueArray.hashCode())
+    scala.util.hashing.MurmurHash3.finalizeHash(valueHash, 2)
+  }
 }
 
 object ArrayBasedMapData {
diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/MapData.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/MapData.scala
index 94e8824cd18cc..fd34c9f1e657c 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/MapData.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/MapData.scala
@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util
 import org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataType
 
 /**
- * This is an internal data representation for map type in Spark SQL. This should not implement
- * `equals` and `hashCode` because the type cannot be used as join keys, grouping keys, or
- * in equality tests. See SPARK-9415 and PR#13847 for the discussions.
+ * This is an internal data representation for map type in Spark SQL. This type cannot be used as
+ * join keys, grouping keys, or in equality tests. See SPARK-9415 and PR#13847 for the discussions.
  */
 abstract class MapData extends Serializable {
 
diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ArrayBasedMapBuilderSuite.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ArrayBasedMapBuilderSuite.scala
index 6e07cd5d6415d..8176984e99366 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ArrayBasedMapBuilderSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ArrayBasedMapBuilderSuite.scala
@@ -142,4 +142,34 @@ class ArrayBasedMapBuilderSuite extends SparkFunSuite with SQLHelper {
         Map(new GenericArrayData(Seq(1, 1)) -> 3, new GenericArrayData(Seq(2, 2)) -> 2))
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-40315: simple equal() and hashCode() semantics") {
+    val dataToAdd: Map[Int, Int] = Map(0 -> -7, 1 -> 3, 10 -> 4, 20 -> 5)
+    val builder1 = new ArrayBasedMapBuilder(IntegerType, IntegerType)
+    val builder2 = new ArrayBasedMapBuilder(IntegerType, IntegerType)
+    val builder3 = new ArrayBasedMapBuilder(IntegerType, IntegerType)
+    dataToAdd.foreach { case (key, value) =>
+      builder1.put(key, value)
+      builder2.put(key, value)
+      // Replace the value by something slightly different in builder3 for one of the keys.
+      if (key == 20) {
+        builder3.put(key, value - 1)
+      } else {
+        builder3.put(key, value)
+      }
+    }
+    val arrayBasedMapData1 = builder1.build()
+    val arrayBasedMapData2 = builder2.build()
+    val arrayBasedMapData3 = builder3.build()
+
+    // We expect two objects to be equal and to have the same hashCode if they have the same
+    // elements.
+    assert(arrayBasedMapData1.equals(arrayBasedMapData2))
+    assert(arrayBasedMapData1.hashCode() == arrayBasedMapData2.hashCode())
+
+    // If two objects have different elements, we expect them not to be equal and their hashCode
+    // to be different.
+    assert(!arrayBasedMapData1.equals(arrayBasedMapData3))
+    assert(arrayBasedMapData1.hashCode() != arrayBasedMapData3.hashCode())
+  }
 }
diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ComplexDataSuite.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ComplexDataSuite.scala
index f921f06537080..c6fb2ea14a021 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ComplexDataSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ComplexDataSuite.scala
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ class ComplexDataSuite extends SparkFunSuite {
     val testArrayMap2 = ArrayBasedMapData(testMap2.toMap)
     val testArrayMap3 = ArrayBasedMapData(testMap3.toMap)
     val testArrayMap4 = ArrayBasedMapData(testMap4.toMap)
-    assert(testArrayMap1 !== testArrayMap3)
-    assert(testArrayMap2 !== testArrayMap4)
 
     // UnsafeMapData
     val unsafeConverter = UnsafeProjection.create(Array[DataType](MapType(StringType, IntegerType)))