diff --git a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/EliminateJoinToEmptyRelation.scala b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/EliminateJoinToEmptyRelation.scala
index cfdd20ec7565d..d6df52278e079 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/EliminateJoinToEmptyRelation.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/EliminateJoinToEmptyRelation.scala
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.adaptive
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.planning.ExtractSingleColumnNullAwareAntiJoin
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.{Inner, LeftSemi}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.{Inner, LeftAnti, LeftSemi}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.{Join, LocalRelation, LogicalPlan}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.joins.{EmptyHashedRelation, HashedRelation, HashedRelationWithAllNullKeys}
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.joins.{EmptyHashedRelation, HashedRelation
  *    This applies to all Joins (sort merge join, shuffled hash join, and broadcast hash join),
  *    because sort merge join and shuffled hash join will be changed to broadcast hash join with AQE
  *    at the first place.
+ *
+ * 3. Join is left anti join without condition, and join right side is non-empty.
  */
 object EliminateJoinToEmptyRelation extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
 
@@ -53,5 +55,17 @@ object EliminateJoinToEmptyRelation extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
 
     case j @ Join(_, _, LeftSemi, _, _) if canEliminate(j.right, EmptyHashedRelation) =>
       LocalRelation(j.output, data = Seq.empty, isStreaming = j.isStreaming)
+
+    case j @ Join(_, _, LeftAnti, None, _) =>
+      val isNonEmptyRightSide = j.right match {
+        case LogicalQueryStage(_, stage: QueryStageExec) if stage.resultOption.get().isDefined =>
+          stage.getRuntimeStatistics.rowCount.exists(_ > 0)
+        case _ => false
+      }
+      if (isNonEmptyRightSide) {
+        LocalRelation(j.output, data = Seq.empty, isStreaming = j.isStreaming)
+      } else {
+        j
+      }
   }
 }
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/AdaptiveQueryExecSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/AdaptiveQueryExecSuite.scala
index 122bc2d1e59a6..d7a1d5d26eae1 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/AdaptiveQueryExecSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/AdaptiveQueryExecSuite.scala
@@ -1230,6 +1230,28 @@ class AdaptiveQueryExecSuite
     }
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-34533: Eliminate left anti join to empty relation") {
+    withSQLConf(
+      SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "true") {
+      withTable("emptyTestData") {
+        spark.range(0).write.saveAsTable("emptyTestData")
+        Seq(
+          // broadcast non-empty right side
+          ("SELECT /*+ broadcast(testData3) */ * FROM testData LEFT ANTI JOIN testData3", true),
+          // broadcast empty right side
+          ("SELECT /*+ broadcast(emptyTestData) */ * FROM testData LEFT ANTI JOIN emptyTestData",
+            false),
+          // broadcast left side
+          ("SELECT /*+ broadcast(testData) */ * FROM testData LEFT ANTI JOIN testData3", false)
+        ).foreach { case (query, isEliminated) =>
+          val (plan, adaptivePlan) = runAdaptiveAndVerifyResult(query)
+          assert(findTopLevelBaseJoin(plan).size == 1)
+          assert(findTopLevelBaseJoin(adaptivePlan).isEmpty == isEliminated)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   test("SPARK-32753: Only copy tags to node with no tags") {
     withSQLConf(SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "true") {
       withTempView("v1") {