diff --git a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/jdbc/JdbcUtils.scala b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/jdbc/JdbcUtils.scala
index 3c6649b26ecd..816f5f45860c 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/jdbc/JdbcUtils.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/jdbc/JdbcUtils.scala
@@ -819,8 +819,10 @@ object JdbcUtils extends Logging {
     if (null != customSchema && customSchema.nonEmpty) {
       val userSchema = CatalystSqlParser.parseTableSchema(customSchema)
 
-      SchemaUtils.checkColumnNameDuplication(
-        userSchema.map(_.name), "in the customSchema option value", nameEquality)
+      SchemaUtils.checkSchemaColumnNameDuplication(
+        userSchema,
+        "in the customSchema option value",
+        nameEquality)
 
       // This is resolved by names, use the custom filed dataType to replace the default dataType.
       val newSchema = tableSchema.map { col =>
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/NestedDataSourceSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/NestedDataSourceSuite.scala
index 152d59b7b190..78b314272aa0 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/NestedDataSourceSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/NestedDataSourceSuite.scala
@@ -24,6 +24,16 @@ import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{LongType, StructType}
 // Datasource tests for nested schemas
 trait NestedDataSourceSuiteBase extends QueryTest with SharedSparkSession {
   protected val nestedDataSources: Seq[String] = Seq("orc", "parquet", "json")
+  protected def readOptions(schema: StructType): Map[String, String] = Map.empty
+  protected def save(selectExpr: Seq[String], format: String, path: String): Unit = {
+    spark
+      .range(1L)
+      .selectExpr(selectExpr: _*)
+      .write.mode("overwrite")
+      .format(format)
+      .save(path)
+  }
+  protected val colType: String = "in the data schema"
 
   test("SPARK-32431: consistent error for nested and top-level duplicate columns") {
     Seq(
@@ -44,22 +54,17 @@ trait NestedDataSourceSuiteBase extends QueryTest with SharedSparkSession {
           withClue(s"format = $format select = ${selectExpr.mkString(",")}") {
             withTempPath { dir =>
               val path = dir.getCanonicalPath
-              spark
-                .range(1L)
-                .selectExpr(selectExpr: _*)
-                .write.mode("overwrite")
-                .format(format)
-                .save(path)
+              save(selectExpr, format, path)
               val e = intercept[AnalysisException] {
                 spark
                   .read
+                  .options(readOptions(caseInsensitiveSchema))
                   .schema(caseInsensitiveSchema)
                   .format(format)
                   .load(path)
                   .show
               }
-              assert(e.getMessage.contains(
-                "Found duplicate column(s) in the data schema: `camelcase`"))
+              assert(e.getMessage.contains(s"Found duplicate column(s) $colType: `camelcase`"))
             }
           }
         }
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/jdbc/JDBCNestedDataSourceSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/jdbc/JDBCNestedDataSourceSuite.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..46bdb1918147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/jdbc/JDBCNestedDataSourceSuite.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.jdbc
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.NestedDataSourceSuiteBase
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType
+import org.apache.spark.util.Utils
+
+class JDBCNestedDataSourceSuite extends NestedDataSourceSuiteBase {
+  override val nestedDataSources: Seq[String] = Seq("jdbc")
+  private val tempDir = Utils.createTempDir()
+  private val url = s"jdbc:h2:${tempDir.getCanonicalPath};user=testUser;password=testPass"
+  override val colType: String = "in the customSchema option value"
+
+  override def afterAll(): Unit = {
+    Utils.deleteRecursively(tempDir)
+    super.afterAll()
+  }
+
+  override def readOptions(schema: StructType): Map[String, String] = {
+    Map("url" -> url, "dbtable" -> "t1", "customSchema" -> schema.toDDL)
+  }
+
+  override def save(selectExpr: Seq[String], format: String, path: String): Unit = {
+    // We ignore `selectExpr` because:
+    //  1. H2 doesn't support nested columns
+    //  2. JDBC datasource checks duplicates before comparing of user's schema with
+    //     actual schema of `t1`.
+    spark
+      .range(1L)
+      .write.mode("overwrite")
+      .options(Map("url" -> url, "dbtable" -> "t1"))
+      .format(format)
+      .save()
+  }
+}