[SPARK-32539][INFRA] Disallow FileSystem.get(Configuration conf) in style check by default

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Disallow `FileSystem.get(Configuration conf)` in Scala style check by default and suggest developers use `FileSystem.get(URI uri, Configuration conf)` or `Path.getFileSystem()` instead.

### Why are the changes needed?

The method `FileSystem.get(Configuration conf)` will return a default FileSystem instance if the conf `fs.file.impl` is not set. This can cause file not found exception on reading a target path of non-default file system, e.g. S3. It is hard to discover such a mistake via unit tests.
If we disallow it in Scala style check by default and suggest developers use `FileSystem.get(URI uri, Configuration conf)` or `Path.getFileSystem(Configuration conf)`, we can reduce potential regression and PR review effort.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No

### How was this patch tested?

Manually run scala style check and test.

Closes #29357 from gengliangwang/newStyleRule.

Authored-by: Gengliang Wang <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <[email protected]>

Author: gengliangwang

core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/deploy/security/HadoopFSDelegationTokenProvider.scala

@@ -139,7 +139,9 @@ private[deploy] object HadoopFSDelegationTokenProvider {
   def hadoopFSsToAccess(
       sparkConf: SparkConf,
       hadoopConf: Configuration): Set[FileSystem] = {
+    // scalastyle:off FileSystemGet
     val defaultFS = FileSystem.get(hadoopConf)
+    // scalastyle:on FileSystemGet
 
     val filesystemsToAccess = sparkConf.get(KERBEROS_FILESYSTEMS_TO_ACCESS)
       .map(new Path(_).getFileSystem(hadoopConf))

core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/internal/io/SparkHadoopWriter.scala

@@ -222,7 +222,9 @@ class HadoopMapRedWriteConfigUtil[K, V: ClassTag](conf: SerializableJobConf)
       if (path != null) {
         path.getFileSystem(getConf)
       } else {
+        // scalastyle:off FileSystemGet
         FileSystem.get(getConf)
+        // scalastyle:on FileSystemGet
       }
     }
 
@@ -285,7 +287,9 @@ class HadoopMapRedWriteConfigUtil[K, V: ClassTag](conf: SerializableJobConf)
 
     if (SparkHadoopWriterUtils.isOutputSpecValidationEnabled(conf)) {
       // FileOutputFormat ignores the filesystem parameter
+      // scalastyle:off FileSystemGet
       val ignoredFs = FileSystem.get(getConf)
+      // scalastyle:on FileSystemGet
       getOutputFormat().checkOutputSpecs(ignoredFs, getConf)
     }
   }

resource-managers/yarn/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/deploy/yarn/Client.scala

@@ -181,10 +181,12 @@ private[spark] class Client(
 
       // The app staging dir based on the STAGING_DIR configuration if configured
       // otherwise based on the users home directory.
+      // scalastyle:off FileSystemGet
       val appStagingBaseDir = sparkConf.get(STAGING_DIR)
         .map { new Path(_, UserGroupInformation.getCurrentUser.getShortUserName) }
         .getOrElse(FileSystem.get(hadoopConf).getHomeDirectory())
       stagingDirPath = new Path(appStagingBaseDir, getAppStagingDir(appId))
+      // scalastyle:on FileSystemGet
 
       new CallerContext("CLIENT", sparkConf.get(APP_CALLER_CONTEXT),
         Option(appId.toString)).setCurrentContext()

scalastyle-config.xml

@@ -264,6 +264,20 @@ This file is divided into 3 sections:
     of Commons Lang 2 (package org.apache.commons.lang.*)</customMessage>
   </check>
 
+  <check customId="FileSystemGet" level="error" class="org.scalastyle.file.RegexChecker" enabled="true">
+    <parameters><parameter name="regex">FileSystem.get\([a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z_$0-9]*\)</parameter></parameters>
+    <customMessage><![CDATA[
+      Are you sure that you want to use "FileSystem.get(Configuration conf)"? If the input
+      configuration is not set properly, a default FileSystem instance will be returned. It can
+      lead to errors when you deal with multiple file systems. Please consider using
+      "FileSystem.get(URI uri, Configuration conf)" or "Path.getFileSystem(Configuration conf)" instead.
+      If you must use the method "FileSystem.get(Configuration conf)", wrap the code block with
+      // scalastyle:off FileSystemGet
+      FileSystem.get(...)
+      // scalastyle:on FileSystemGet
+    ]]></customMessage>
+  </check>
+
   <check customId="extractopt" level="error" class="org.scalastyle.scalariform.TokenChecker" enabled="true">
     <parameters><parameter name="regex">extractOpt</parameter></parameters>
     <customMessage>Use jsonOption(x).map(.extract[T]) instead of .extractOpt[T], as the latter

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/parquet/ParquetInteroperabilitySuite.scala

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class ParquetInteroperabilitySuite extends ParquetCompatibilityTest with SharedS
               // the assumption on column stats, and also the end-to-end behavior.
 
               val hadoopConf = spark.sessionState.newHadoopConf()
-              val fs = FileSystem.get(hadoopConf)
+              val fs = new Path(tableDir.getAbsolutePath).getFileSystem(hadoopConf)
               val parts = fs.listStatus(new Path(tableDir.getAbsolutePath), new PathFilter {
                 override def accept(path: Path): Boolean = !path.getName.startsWith("_")
               })