[SPARK-13922][SQL] Filter rows with null attributes in vectorized parquet reader

# What changes were proposed in this pull request?

It's common for many SQL operators to not care about reading `null` values for correctness. Currently, this is achieved by performing `isNotNull` checks (for all relevant columns) on a per-row basis. Pushing these null filters in the vectorized parquet reader should bring considerable benefits (especially for cases when the underlying data doesn't contain any nulls or contains all nulls).

## How was this patch tested?

        Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4960HQ CPU  2.60GHz
        String with Nulls Scan (0%):        Best/Avg Time(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        SQL Parquet Vectorized                   1229 / 1648          8.5         117.2       1.0X
        PR Vectorized                             833 /  846         12.6          79.4       1.5X
        PR Vectorized (Null Filtering)            732 /  782         14.3          69.8       1.7X

        Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4960HQ CPU  2.60GHz
        String with Nulls Scan (50%):       Best/Avg Time(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        SQL Parquet Vectorized                    995 / 1053         10.5          94.9       1.0X
        PR Vectorized                             732 /  772         14.3          69.8       1.4X
        PR Vectorized (Null Filtering)            725 /  790         14.5          69.1       1.4X

        Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4960HQ CPU  2.60GHz
        String with Nulls Scan (95%):       Best/Avg Time(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        SQL Parquet Vectorized                    326 /  333         32.2          31.1       1.0X
        PR Vectorized                             190 /  200         55.1          18.2       1.7X
        PR Vectorized (Null Filtering)            168 /  172         62.2          16.1       1.9X

Author: Sameer Agarwal <[email protected]>

Closes #11749 from sameeragarwal/perf-testing.

Author: sameeragarwal

sql/core/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/ColumnarBatch.java

@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.vectorized;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.*;
 
 import org.apache.commons.lang.NotImplementedException;
 
@@ -58,6 +56,9 @@ public final class ColumnarBatch {
   // True if the row is filtered.
   private final boolean[] filteredRows;
 
+  // Column indices that cannot have null values.
+  private final Set<Integer> nullFilteredColumns;
+
   // Total number of rows that have been filtered.
   private int numRowsFiltered = 0;
 
@@ -284,11 +285,23 @@ public void reset() {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Sets the number of rows that are valid.
+   * Sets the number of rows that are valid. Additionally, marks all rows as "filtered" if one or
+   * more of their attributes are part of a non-nullable column.
    */
   public void setNumRows(int numRows) {
     assert(numRows <= this.capacity);
     this.numRows = numRows;
+
+    for (int ordinal : nullFilteredColumns) {
+      if (columns[ordinal].numNulls != 0) {
+        for (int rowId = 0; rowId < numRows; rowId++) {
+          if (!filteredRows[rowId] && columns[ordinal].getIsNull(rowId)) {
+            filteredRows[rowId] = true;
+            ++numRowsFiltered;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -345,15 +358,24 @@ public ColumnarBatch.Row getRow(int rowId) {
    * in this batch will not include this row.
    */
   public final void markFiltered(int rowId) {
-    assert(filteredRows[rowId] == false);
+    assert(!filteredRows[rowId]);
     filteredRows[rowId] = true;
     ++numRowsFiltered;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Marks a given column as non-nullable. Any row that has a NULL value for the corresponding
+   * attribute is filtered out.
+   */
+  public final void filterNullsInColumn(int ordinal) {
+    nullFilteredColumns.add(ordinal);
+  }
+
   private ColumnarBatch(StructType schema, int maxRows, MemoryMode memMode) {
     this.schema = schema;
     this.capacity = maxRows;
     this.columns = new ColumnVector[schema.size()];
+    this.nullFilteredColumns = new HashSet<>();
     this.filteredRows = new boolean[maxRows];
 
     for (int i = 0; i < schema.fields().length; ++i) {

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/parquet/ParquetReadBenchmark.scala

@@ -299,10 +299,100 @@ object ParquetReadBenchmark {
     }
   }
 
+  def stringWithNullsScanBenchmark(values: Int, fractionOfNulls: Double): Unit = {
+    withTempPath { dir =>
+      withTempTable("t1", "tempTable") {
+        sqlContext.range(values).registerTempTable("t1")
+        sqlContext.sql(s"select IF(rand(1) < $fractionOfNulls, NULL, cast(id as STRING)) as c1, " +
+          s"IF(rand(2) < $fractionOfNulls, NULL, cast(id as STRING)) as c2 from t1")
+          .write.parquet(dir.getCanonicalPath)
+        sqlContext.read.parquet(dir.getCanonicalPath).registerTempTable("tempTable")
+
+        val benchmark = new Benchmark("String with Nulls Scan", values)
+
+        benchmark.addCase("SQL Parquet Vectorized") { iter =>
+          sqlContext.sql("select sum(length(c2)) from tempTable where c1 is " +
+            "not NULL and c2 is not NULL").collect()
+        }
+
+        val files = SpecificParquetRecordReaderBase.listDirectory(dir).toArray
+        benchmark.addCase("PR Vectorized") { num =>
+          var sum = 0
+          files.map(_.asInstanceOf[String]).foreach { p =>
+            val reader = new UnsafeRowParquetRecordReader
+            try {
+              reader.initialize(p, ("c1" :: "c2" :: Nil).asJava)
+              val batch = reader.resultBatch()
+              while (reader.nextBatch()) {
+                val rowIterator = batch.rowIterator()
+                while (rowIterator.hasNext) {
+                  val row = rowIterator.next()
+                  val value = row.getUTF8String(0)
+                  if (!row.isNullAt(0) && !row.isNullAt(1)) sum += value.numBytes()
+                }
+              }
+            } finally {
+              reader.close()
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        benchmark.addCase("PR Vectorized (Null Filtering)") { num =>
+          var sum = 0L
+          files.map(_.asInstanceOf[String]).foreach { p =>
+            val reader = new UnsafeRowParquetRecordReader
+            try {
+              reader.initialize(p, ("c1" :: "c2" :: Nil).asJava)
+              val batch = reader.resultBatch()
+              batch.filterNullsInColumn(0)
+              batch.filterNullsInColumn(1)
+              while (reader.nextBatch()) {
+                val rowIterator = batch.rowIterator()
+                while (rowIterator.hasNext) {
+                  sum += rowIterator.next().getUTF8String(0).numBytes()
+                }
+              }
+            } finally {
+              reader.close()
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        /*
+        Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4960HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
+        String with Nulls Scan (0%):        Best/Avg Time(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
+        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        SQL Parquet Vectorized                   1229 / 1648          8.5         117.2       1.0X
+        PR Vectorized                             833 /  846         12.6          79.4       1.5X
+        PR Vectorized (Null Filtering)            732 /  782         14.3          69.8       1.7X
+
+        Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4960HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
+        String with Nulls Scan (50%):       Best/Avg Time(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
+        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        SQL Parquet Vectorized                    995 / 1053         10.5          94.9       1.0X
+        PR Vectorized                             732 /  772         14.3          69.8       1.4X
+        PR Vectorized (Null Filtering)            725 /  790         14.5          69.1       1.4X
+
+        Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4960HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
+        String with Nulls Scan (95%):       Best/Avg Time(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
+        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        SQL Parquet Vectorized                    326 /  333         32.2          31.1       1.0X
+        PR Vectorized                             190 /  200         55.1          18.2       1.7X
+        PR Vectorized (Null Filtering)            168 /  172         62.2          16.1       1.9X
+        */
+
+        benchmark.run()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
     intScanBenchmark(1024 * 1024 * 15)
     intStringScanBenchmark(1024 * 1024 * 10)
     stringDictionaryScanBenchmark(1024 * 1024 * 10)
     partitionTableScanBenchmark(1024 * 1024 * 15)
+    for (fractionOfNulls <- List(0.0, 0.50, 0.95)) {
+      stringWithNullsScanBenchmark(1024 * 1024 * 10, fractionOfNulls)
+    }
   }
 }

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/vectorized/ColumnarBatchSuite.scala

@@ -727,4 +727,33 @@ class ColumnarBatchSuite extends SparkFunSuite {
   test("Random nested schema") {
     testRandomRows(false, 30)
   }
+
+  test("null filtered columns") {
+    val NUM_ROWS = 10
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("key", IntegerType, nullable = false)
+      .add("value", StringType, nullable = true)
+    for (numNulls <- List(0, NUM_ROWS / 2, NUM_ROWS)) {
+      val rows = mutable.ArrayBuffer.empty[Row]
+      for (i <- 0 until NUM_ROWS) {
+        val row = if (i < numNulls) Row.fromSeq(Seq(i, null)) else Row.fromSeq(Seq(i, i.toString))
+        rows += row
+      }
+      (MemoryMode.ON_HEAP :: MemoryMode.OFF_HEAP :: Nil).foreach { memMode => {
+        val batch = ColumnVectorUtils.toBatch(schema, memMode, rows.iterator.asJava)
+        batch.filterNullsInColumn(1)
+        batch.setNumRows(NUM_ROWS)
+        assert(batch.numRows() == NUM_ROWS)
+        val it = batch.rowIterator()
+        // Top numNulls rows should be filtered
+        var k = numNulls
+        while (it.hasNext) {
+          assert(it.next().getInt(0) == k)
+          k += 1
+        }
+        assert(k == NUM_ROWS)
+        batch.close()
+      }}
+    }
+  }
 }