SPARK-3211 .take() is OOM-prone with empty partitions

Instead of jumping straight from 1 partition to all partitions, do exponential
growth and double the number of partitions to attempt each time instead.

Fix proposed by Paul Nepywoda

Author: ash211

core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/rdd/RDD.scala

@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ abstract class RDD[T: ClassTag](
         // Otherwise, interpolate the number of partitions we need to try, but overestimate it
         // by 50%.
         if (buf.size == 0) {
-          numPartsToTry = totalParts - 1
+          numPartsToTry = partsScanned * 2
         } else {
           numPartsToTry = (1.5 * num * partsScanned / buf.size).toInt
         }