[SPARK-33183][SQL] Fix Optimizer rule EliminateSorts and add a physical rule to remove redundant sorts

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR aims to fix a correctness bug in the optimizer rule `EliminateSorts`. It also adds a new physical rule to remove redundant sorts that cannot be eliminated in the Optimizer rule after the bugfix.

### Why are the changes needed?
A global sort should not be eliminated even if its child is ordered since we don't know if its child ordering is global or local. For example, in the following scenario, the first sort shouldn't be removed because it has a stronger guarantee than the second sort even if the sort orders are the same for both sorts.

```
Sort(orders, global = True, ...)
  Sort(orders, global = False, ...)
```

Since there is no straightforward way to identify whether a node's output ordering is local or global, we should not remove a global sort even if its child is already ordered.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Yes

### How was this patch tested?
Unit tests

Closes apache#30093 from allisonwang-db/fix-sort.

Authored-by: allisonwang-db <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <[email protected]>

Author: allisonwang-db

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/Optimizer.scala

@@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ object CombineFilters extends Rule[LogicalPlan] with PredicateHelper {
  * Note that changes in the final output ordering may affect the file size (SPARK-32318).
  * This rule handles the following cases:
  * 1) if the sort order is empty or the sort order does not have any reference
- * 2) if the child is already sorted
+ * 2) if the Sort operator is a local sort and the child is already sorted
  * 3) if there is another Sort operator separated by 0...n Project, Filter, Repartition or
  *    RepartitionByExpression (with deterministic expressions) operators
  * 4) if the Sort operator is within Join separated by 0...n Project, Filter, Repartition or
@@ -1031,12 +1031,18 @@ object CombineFilters extends Rule[LogicalPlan] with PredicateHelper {
  *    function is order irrelevant
  */
 object EliminateSorts extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
-  def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = plan transform {
+  def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = plan transform applyLocally
+
+  private val applyLocally: PartialFunction[LogicalPlan, LogicalPlan] = {
     case s @ Sort(orders, _, child) if orders.isEmpty || orders.exists(_.child.foldable) =>
       val newOrders = orders.filterNot(_.child.foldable)
-      if (newOrders.isEmpty) child else s.copy(order = newOrders)
-    case Sort(orders, true, child) if SortOrder.orderingSatisfies(child.outputOrdering, orders) =>
-      child
+      if (newOrders.isEmpty) {
+        applyLocally.lift(child).getOrElse(child)
+      } else {
+        s.copy(order = newOrders)
+      }
+    case Sort(orders, false, child) if SortOrder.orderingSatisfies(child.outputOrdering, orders) =>
+      applyLocally.lift(child).getOrElse(child)
     case s @ Sort(_, _, child) => s.copy(child = recursiveRemoveSort(child))
     case j @ Join(originLeft, originRight, _, cond, _) if cond.forall(_.deterministic) =>
       j.copy(left = recursiveRemoveSort(originLeft), right = recursiveRemoveSort(originRight))

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala

@@ -1253,6 +1253,13 @@ object SQLConf {
     .booleanConf
     .createWithDefault(true)
 
+  val REMOVE_REDUNDANT_SORTS_ENABLED = buildConf("spark.sql.execution.removeRedundantSorts")
+    .internal()
+    .doc("Whether to remove redundant physical sort node")
+    .version("3.1.0")
+    .booleanConf
+    .createWithDefault(true)
+
   val STATE_STORE_PROVIDER_CLASS =
     buildConf("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass")
       .internal()

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/EliminateSortsSuite.scala

@@ -99,12 +99,34 @@ class EliminateSortsSuite extends AnalysisTest {
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
   }
 
-  test("remove redundant order by") {
+  test("SPARK-33183: remove consecutive no-op sorts") {
+    val plan = testRelation.orderBy().orderBy().orderBy()
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(plan.analyze)
+    val correctAnswer = testRelation.analyze
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-33183: remove redundant sort by") {
     val orderedPlan = testRelation.select('a, 'b).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc_nullsFirst)
-    val unnecessaryReordered = orderedPlan.limit(2).select('a).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc_nullsFirst)
+    val unnecessaryReordered = orderedPlan.limit(2).select('a).sortBy('a.asc, 'b.desc_nullsFirst)
     val optimized = Optimize.execute(unnecessaryReordered.analyze)
     val correctAnswer = orderedPlan.limit(2).select('a).analyze
-    comparePlans(Optimize.execute(optimized), correctAnswer)
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-33183: remove all redundant local sorts") {
+    val orderedPlan = testRelation.sortBy('a.asc).orderBy('a.asc).sortBy('a.asc)
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(orderedPlan.analyze)
+    val correctAnswer = testRelation.orderBy('a.asc).analyze
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-33183: should not remove global sort") {
+    val orderedPlan = testRelation.select('a, 'b).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc_nullsFirst)
+    val reordered = orderedPlan.limit(2).select('a).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc_nullsFirst)
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(reordered.analyze)
+    val correctAnswer = reordered.analyze
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
   }
 
   test("do not remove sort if the order is different") {
@@ -115,22 +137,39 @@ class EliminateSortsSuite extends AnalysisTest {
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
   }
 
-  test("filters don't affect order") {
+  test("SPARK-33183: remove top level local sort with filter operators") {
     val orderedPlan = testRelation.select('a, 'b).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
-    val filteredAndReordered = orderedPlan.where('a > Literal(10)).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
+    val filteredAndReordered = orderedPlan.where('a > Literal(10)).sortBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
     val optimized = Optimize.execute(filteredAndReordered.analyze)
     val correctAnswer = orderedPlan.where('a > Literal(10)).analyze
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
   }
 
-  test("limits don't affect order") {
+  test("SPARK-33183: keep top level global sort with filter operators") {
+    val projectPlan = testRelation.select('a, 'b)
+    val orderedPlan = projectPlan.orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
+    val filteredAndReordered = orderedPlan.where('a > Literal(10)).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(filteredAndReordered.analyze)
+    val correctAnswer = projectPlan.where('a > Literal(10)).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc).analyze
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-33183: limits should not affect order for local sort") {
     val orderedPlan = testRelation.select('a, 'b).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
-    val filteredAndReordered = orderedPlan.limit(Literal(10)).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
+    val filteredAndReordered = orderedPlan.limit(Literal(10)).sortBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
     val optimized = Optimize.execute(filteredAndReordered.analyze)
     val correctAnswer = orderedPlan.limit(Literal(10)).analyze
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-33183: should not remove global sort with limit operators") {
+    val orderedPlan = testRelation.select('a, 'b).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
+    val filteredAndReordered = orderedPlan.limit(Literal(10)).orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc)
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(filteredAndReordered.analyze)
+    val correctAnswer = filteredAndReordered.analyze
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+  }
+
   test("different sorts are not simplified if limit is in between") {
     val orderedPlan = testRelation.select('a, 'b).orderBy('b.desc).limit(Literal(10))
       .orderBy('a.asc)
@@ -139,11 +178,11 @@ class EliminateSortsSuite extends AnalysisTest {
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
   }
 
-  test("range is already sorted") {
+  test("SPARK-33183: should not remove global sort with range operator") {
     val inputPlan = Range(1L, 1000L, 1, 10)
     val orderedPlan = inputPlan.orderBy('id.asc)
     val optimized = Optimize.execute(orderedPlan.analyze)
-    val correctAnswer = inputPlan.analyze
+    val correctAnswer = orderedPlan.analyze
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
 
     val reversedPlan = inputPlan.orderBy('id.desc)
@@ -154,10 +193,18 @@ class EliminateSortsSuite extends AnalysisTest {
     val negativeStepInputPlan = Range(10L, 1L, -1, 10)
     val negativeStepOrderedPlan = negativeStepInputPlan.orderBy('id.desc)
     val negativeStepOptimized = Optimize.execute(negativeStepOrderedPlan.analyze)
-    val negativeStepCorrectAnswer = negativeStepInputPlan.analyze
+    val negativeStepCorrectAnswer = negativeStepOrderedPlan.analyze
     comparePlans(negativeStepOptimized, negativeStepCorrectAnswer)
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-33183: remove local sort with range operator") {
+    val inputPlan = Range(1L, 1000L, 1, 10)
+    val orderedPlan = inputPlan.sortBy('id.asc)
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(orderedPlan.analyze)
+    val correctAnswer = inputPlan.analyze
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+  }
+
   test("sort should not be removed when there is a node which doesn't guarantee any order") {
     val orderedPlan = testRelation.select('a, 'b)
     val groupedAndResorted = orderedPlan.groupBy('a)(sum('a)).orderBy('a.asc)
@@ -333,4 +380,39 @@ class EliminateSortsSuite extends AnalysisTest {
     val correctAnswer = PushDownOptimizer.execute(noOrderByPlan.analyze)
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-33183: remove consecutive global sorts with the same ordering") {
+    Seq(
+      (testRelation.orderBy('a.asc).orderBy('a.asc), testRelation.orderBy('a.asc)),
+      (testRelation.orderBy('a.asc, 'b.desc).orderBy('a.asc), testRelation.orderBy('a.asc))
+    ).foreach { case (ordered, answer) =>
+      val optimized = Optimize.execute(ordered.analyze)
+      comparePlans(optimized, answer.analyze)
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-33183: remove consecutive local sorts with the same ordering") {
+    val orderedPlan = testRelation.sortBy('a.asc).sortBy('a.asc).sortBy('a.asc)
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(orderedPlan.analyze)
+    val correctAnswer = testRelation.sortBy('a.asc).analyze
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-33183: remove consecutive local sorts with different ordering") {
+    val orderedPlan = testRelation.sortBy('b.asc).sortBy('a.desc).sortBy('a.asc)
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(orderedPlan.analyze)
+    val correctAnswer = testRelation.sortBy('a.asc).analyze
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-33183: should keep global sort when child is a local sort with the same ordering") {
+    val correctAnswer = testRelation.orderBy('a.asc).analyze
+    Seq(
+      testRelation.sortBy('a.asc).orderBy('a.asc),
+      testRelation.orderBy('a.asc).sortBy('a.asc).orderBy('a.asc)
+    ).foreach { ordered =>
+      val optimized = Optimize.execute(ordered.analyze)
+      comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
+    }
+  }
 }

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/QueryExecution.scala

@@ -343,6 +343,7 @@ object QueryExecution {
       PlanDynamicPruningFilters,
       PlanSubqueries,
       RemoveRedundantProjects,
+      RemoveRedundantSorts,
       EnsureRequirements,
       DisableUnnecessaryBucketedScan,
       ApplyColumnarRulesAndInsertTransitions(sparkSession.sessionState.columnarRules),

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/RemoveRedundantSorts.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.execution
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.SortOrder
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
+
+/**
+ * Remove redundant SortExec node from the spark plan. A sort node is redundant when
+ * its child satisfies both its sort orders and its required child distribution. Note
+ * this rule differs from the Optimizer rule EliminateSorts in that this rule also checks
+ * if the child satisfies the required distribution so that it is safe to remove not only a
+ * local sort but also a global sort when its child already satisfies required sort orders.
+ */
+object RemoveRedundantSorts extends Rule[SparkPlan] {
+  def apply(plan: SparkPlan): SparkPlan = {
+    if (!conf.getConf(SQLConf.REMOVE_REDUNDANT_SORTS_ENABLED)) {
+      plan
+    } else {
+      removeSorts(plan)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def removeSorts(plan: SparkPlan): SparkPlan = plan transform {
+    case s @ SortExec(orders, _, child, _)
+        if SortOrder.orderingSatisfies(child.outputOrdering, orders) &&
+          child.outputPartitioning.satisfies(s.requiredChildDistribution.head) =>
+      child
+  }
+}

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/AdaptiveSparkPlanExec.scala

@@ -83,13 +83,15 @@ case class AdaptiveSparkPlanExec(
   @transient private val optimizer = new AQEOptimizer(conf)
 
   @transient private val removeRedundantProjects = RemoveRedundantProjects
+  @transient private val removeRedundantSorts = RemoveRedundantSorts
   @transient private val ensureRequirements = EnsureRequirements
 
   // A list of physical plan rules to be applied before creation of query stages. The physical
   // plan should reach a final status of query stages (i.e., no more addition or removal of
   // Exchange nodes) after running these rules.
   private def queryStagePreparationRules: Seq[Rule[SparkPlan]] = Seq(
     removeRedundantProjects,
+    removeRedundantSorts,
     ensureRequirements
   ) ++ context.session.sessionState.queryStagePrepRules
 

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/PlannerSuite.scala

@@ -234,19 +234,6 @@ class PlannerSuite extends SharedSparkSession with AdaptiveSparkPlanHelper {
     }
   }
 
-  test("SPARK-23375: Cached sorted data doesn't need to be re-sorted") {
-    val query = testData.select('key, 'value).sort('key.desc).cache()
-    assert(query.queryExecution.optimizedPlan.isInstanceOf[InMemoryRelation])
-    val resorted = query.sort('key.desc)
-    assert(resorted.queryExecution.optimizedPlan.collect { case s: Sort => s}.isEmpty)
-    assert(resorted.select('key).collect().map(_.getInt(0)).toSeq ==
-      (1 to 100).reverse)
-    // with a different order, the sort is needed
-    val sortedAsc = query.sort('key)
-    assert(sortedAsc.queryExecution.optimizedPlan.collect { case s: Sort => s}.size == 1)
-    assert(sortedAsc.select('key).collect().map(_.getInt(0)).toSeq == (1 to 100))
-  }
-
   test("PartitioningCollection") {
     withTempView("normal", "small", "tiny") {
       testData.createOrReplaceTempView("normal")