From b756b5efc6d6948eee3df8f7f0e473b45d0c84c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Mar 2024 00:04:16 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/33] Add Rotation and Typing

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py               | 138 ++++++++++++------
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py                 |  22 ++-
 examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py |  49 +++++++
 3 files changed, 161 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 49290a4..bece7b9 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -55,6 +55,15 @@
 
 from adafruit_bus_device.i2c_device import I2CDevice
 
+try:
+    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
+        import busio
+except ImportError as e:
+    pass
+
 __version__ = "0.0.0+auto.0"
 __repo__ = "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_IS31FL3731.git"
 
@@ -89,17 +98,18 @@ class IS31FL3731:
 
     :param ~busio.I2C i2c: the connected i2c bus i2c_device
     :param int address: the device address; defaults to 0x74
+    :param int frames: static 0 or animation frames (0-7)
     """
 
-    width = 16
-    height = 9
+    width: int = 16
+    height: int = 9
 
-    def __init__(self, i2c, address=0x74, frames=None):
+    def __init__(self, i2c: busio.I2C, address: int = 0x74, frames: int = None) -> None:
         self.i2c_device = I2CDevice(i2c, address)
         self._frame = None
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
-    def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg, result):
+    def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg: int = None, result: bytes = None) -> bytes:
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.
@@ -108,36 +118,40 @@ def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg, result):
             return result
         return None
 
-    def _i2c_write_reg(self, reg, data):
+    def _i2c_write_reg(self, reg: int = None, data: bytes = None) -> bytes:
         # Write a contiguous block of data (bytearray) starting at the
         # specified I2C register address (register passed as argument).
         self._i2c_write_block(bytes([reg]) + data)
 
-    def _i2c_write_block(self, data):
+    def _i2c_write_block(self, data: bytes = None) -> bytes:
         # Write a buffer of data (byte array) to the specified I2C register
         # address.
         with self.i2c_device as i2c:
             i2c.write(data)
 
-    def _bank(self, bank=None):
+    def _bank(self, bank: int = None) -> int:
         if bank is None:
             result = bytearray(1)
             return self._i2c_read_reg(_BANK_ADDRESS, result)[0]
         self._i2c_write_reg(_BANK_ADDRESS, bytearray([bank]))
         return None
 
-    def _register(self, bank, register, value=None):
+    def _register(
+        self, bank: int = None, register: int = None, value: int = None
+    ) -> int:
         self._bank(bank)
         if value is None:
             result = bytearray(1)
+            print(f"Register: {result}")
             return self._i2c_read_reg(register, result)[0]
         self._i2c_write_reg(register, bytearray([value]))
         return None
 
     def _mode(self, mode=None):
+        """Function for setting _register mode"""
         return self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _MODE_REGISTER, mode)
 
-    def _init(self, frames=None):
+    def _init(self, frames: int = 0) -> int:
         self.sleep(True)
         # Clear config; sets to Picture Mode, no audio sync, maintains sleep
         self._bank(_CONFIG_BANK)
@@ -160,7 +174,7 @@ def reset(self):
         time.sleep(0.01)  # 10 MS pause to reset.
         self.sleep(False)
 
-    def sleep(self, value):
+    def sleep(self, value: bool = False):
         """
         Set the Software Shutdown Register bit
 
@@ -168,7 +182,7 @@ def sleep(self, value):
         """
         return self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _SHUTDOWN_REGISTER, not value)
 
-    def autoplay(self, delay=0, loops=0, frames=0):
+    def autoplay(self, delay: float = 0.0, loops: int = 0, frames: int = 0) -> int:
         """
         Start autoplay
 
@@ -190,15 +204,15 @@ def autoplay(self, delay=0, loops=0, frames=0):
         self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _AUTOPLAY2_REGISTER, delay % 64)
         self._mode(_AUTOPLAY_MODE | self._frame)
 
-    def fade(self, fade_in=None, fade_out=None, pause=0):
+    def fade(self, fade_in: int = None, fade_out: int = None, pause: int = 0) -> int:
         """
         Start and stop the fade feature.  If both fade_in and fade_out are None (the
         default), the breath feature is used for fading.  if fade_in is None, then
         fade_in = fade_out.  If fade_out is None, then fade_out = fade_in
 
-        :param fade_in: positive number; 0->100
-        :param fade-out: positive number; 0->100
-        :param pause: breath register 2 pause value
+        :param fade_in: int positive number; 0->100
+        :param fade-out: int positive number; 0->100
+        :param pause: int breath register 2 pause value
         """
         if fade_in is None and fade_out is None:
             self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _BREATH2_REGISTER, 0)
@@ -223,12 +237,12 @@ def fade(self, fade_in=None, fade_out=None, pause=0):
         self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _BREATH1_REGISTER, fade_out << 4 | fade_in)
         self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _BREATH2_REGISTER, 1 << 4 | pause)
 
-    def frame(self, frame=None, show=True):
+    def frame(self, frame: int = None, show: bool = True) -> int:
         """
         Set the current frame
 
-        :param frame: frame number; 0-7 or None. If None function returns current frame
-        :param show: True to show the frame; False to not show.
+        :param frame: int frame number; 0-7 or None. If None function returns current frame
+        :param show: bool True to show the frame; False to not show.
         """
         if frame is None:
             return self._frame
@@ -239,11 +253,17 @@ def frame(self, frame=None, show=True):
             self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _FRAME_REGISTER, frame)
         return None
 
-    def audio_sync(self, value=None):
+    def audio_sync(self, value: int = None) -> int:
         """Set the audio sync feature register"""
         return self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _AUDIOSYNC_REGISTER, value)
 
-    def audio_play(self, sample_rate, audio_gain=0, agc_enable=False, agc_fast=False):
+    def audio_play(
+        self,
+        sample_rate: int = 0,
+        audio_gain: int = 0,
+        agc_enable: bool = False,
+        agc_fast: bool = False,
+    ) -> int:
         """Controls the audio play feature"""
         if sample_rate == 0:
             self._mode(_PICTURE_MODE)
@@ -262,7 +282,7 @@ def audio_play(self, sample_rate, audio_gain=0, agc_enable=False, agc_fast=False
         )
         self._mode(_AUDIOPLAY_MODE)
 
-    def blink(self, rate=None):
+    def blink(self, rate: int = None) -> int:
         """Updates the blink register"""
         # pylint: disable=no-else-return
         # This needs to be refactored when it can be tested
@@ -275,13 +295,13 @@ def blink(self, rate=None):
         self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _BLINK_REGISTER, rate & 0x07 | 0x08)
         return None
 
-    def fill(self, color=None, blink=None, frame=None):
+    def fill(self, color: int = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0) -> int:
         """
         Fill the display with a brightness level
 
         :param color: brightness 0->255
-        :param blink: True if blinking is required
-        :param frame: which frame to fill 0->7
+        :param blink: bool True to blink
+        :param frame: int the frame to set the pixel, default 0
         """
         if frame is None:
             frame = self._frame
@@ -306,30 +326,66 @@ def pixel_addr(x, y):
         return x + y * 16
 
     # pylint: disable-msg=too-many-arguments
-    def pixel(self, x, y, color=None, blink=None, frame=None):
+    def pixel(
+        self,
+        x: int,
+        y: int,
+        color: int = 255,
+        blink: bool = False,
+        frame: int = 0,
+        rotate: int = 0,
+    ):
         """
-        Blink or brightness for x-, y-pixel
-
-        :param x: horizontal pixel position
-        :param y: vertical pixel position
-        :param color: brightness value 0->255
-        :param blink: True to blink
-        :param frame: the frame to set the pixel
+        Matrix display configuration
+
+        :param x: int horizontal pixel position
+        :param y: int vertical pixel position
+        :param color: int brightness value 0->255
+        :param blink: bool True to blink
+        :param frame: int the frame to set the pixel, default 0
+        :param rotate: int display rotation (0, 90, 180, 270)
         """
-        if not 0 <= x <= self.width:
-            return None
-        if not 0 <= y <= self.height:
-            return None
-        pixel = self.pixel_addr(x, y)
+
+        if rotate not in (0, 90, 180, 270):
+            raise ValueError("Rotation must be 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees")
+
+        if rotate == 0:
+            if not 0 <= x <= self.width:
+                return None
+            if not 0 <= y <= self.height:
+                return None
+            pixel = self.pixel_addr(x, y)
+        elif rotate == 90:
+            if not 0 <= y <= self.width:
+                return None
+            if not 0 <= x <= self.height:
+                return None
+            pixel = self.pixel_addr(y, self.height - x - 1)
+        elif rotate == 180:
+            if not 0 <= x <= self.width:
+                return None
+            if not 0 <= y <= self.height:
+                return None
+            pixel = self.pixel_addr(self.width - x - 1, self.height - y - 1)
+        elif rotate == 270:
+            if not 0 <= y <= self.width:
+                return None
+            if not 0 <= x <= self.height:
+                return None
+            pixel = self.pixel_addr(self.width - y - 1, x)
+
         if color is None and blink is None:
             return self._register(self._frame, pixel)
+        # frames other than 0 only used in animation. allow None.
         if frame is None:
             frame = self._frame
+        # Brightness
         if color is not None:
             if not 0 <= color <= 255:
-                raise ValueError("Color out of range")
+                raise ValueError("Brightness or Color out of range (0-255)")
             self._register(frame, _COLOR_OFFSET + pixel, color)
-        if blink is not None:
+        # Blink works but not well while animated
+        if blink:
             addr, bit = divmod(pixel, 8)
             bits = self._register(frame, _BLINK_OFFSET + addr)
             if blink:
@@ -341,13 +397,13 @@ def pixel(self, x, y, color=None, blink=None, frame=None):
 
     # pylint: enable-msg=too-many-arguments
 
-    def image(self, img, blink=None, frame=None):
+    def image(self, img: bytes = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0) -> bytes:
         """Set buffer to value of Python Imaging Library image.  The image should
         be in 8-bit mode (L) and a size equal to the display size.
 
         :param img: Python Imaging Library image
         :param blink: True to blink
-        :param frame: the frame to set the image
+        :param frame: the frame to set the image, default 0
         """
         if img.mode != "L":
             raise ValueError("Image must be in mode L.")
diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 93b3034..22da603 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -29,15 +29,23 @@
 # imports
 from . import IS31FL3731
 
+try:
+    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
+except ImportError as e:
+    pass
+
 
 class Matrix(IS31FL3731):
-    """Supports the Charlieplexed feather wing"""
+    """Charlieplexed Featherwing & IS31FL3731 I2C Modules"""
 
-    width = 16
-    height = 9
+    width: int = 16
+    height: int = 9
 
     @staticmethod
-    def pixel_addr(x, y):
+    def pixel_addr(x: int, y: int) -> int:
         """Calulate the offset into the device array for x,y pixel"""
         return x + y * 16
 
@@ -48,7 +56,7 @@ def pixel_addr(x, y):
     # for animation. Buffering the full matrix for a quick write is not a
     # memory concern here, as by definition this method is used with PIL
     # images; we're not running on a RAM-constrained microcontroller.
-    def image(self, img, blink=None, frame=None):
+    def image(self, img: str = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0):
         """Set buffer to value of Python Imaging Library image.
         The image should be in 8-bit mode (L) and a size equal to the
         display size.
@@ -67,13 +75,13 @@ def image(self, img, blink=None, frame=None):
             )
 
         # Frame-select and then write pixel data in one big operation
-        if frame is not None:
+        if frame is not 0:
             self._bank(frame)
         # We can safely reduce the image to a "flat" byte sequence because
         # the matrix layout is known linear; no need to go through a 2D
         # pixel array or invoke pixel_addr().
         self._i2c_write_block(bytes([0x24]) + img.tobytes())
         # Set or clear blink state if requested, for all pixels at once
-        if blink is not None:
+        if blink:
             # 0x12 is _BLINK_OFFSET in __init__.py
             self._i2c_write_block(bytes([0x12] + [1 if blink else 0] * 18))
diff --git a/examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py b/examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c5bed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 DJDevon3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+""" Adafruit 16x9 Charlieplexed PWM LED Matrix Example """
+
+import board
+import adafruit_framebuf
+
+from adafruit_is31fl3731.matrix import Matrix as Display
+
+# Uncomment for Pi Pico
+# import busio
+# i2c = busio.I2C(board.GP21, board.GP20)
+
+i2c = board.STEMMA_I2C()
+display = Display(i2c, address=0x74)
+
+pixel_rotation = 90  # display rotation (0,90,180,270)
+pixel_brightness = 20  # values (0-255)
+pixel_blink = False  # blink entire display
+
+text_to_show = "Hello World!"  # Scrolling marquee text
+
+print(f"Display Dimensions: {display.width}x{display.height}")
+print(f"Text: {text_to_show}")
+
+# Create a framebuffer for our display
+buf = bytearray(32)  # 2 bytes tall x 16 wide = 32 bytes (9 bits is 2 bytes)
+buffer = adafruit_framebuf.FrameBuffer(
+    buf, display.width, display.height, adafruit_framebuf.MVLSB
+)
+
+frame = 0  # start with frame 0
+while True:
+    # Looping marquee
+    for i in range(len(text_to_show) * 9):
+        buffer.fill(0)
+        buffer.text(text_to_show, -i + display.width, 0, color=1)
+        display.frame(frame, show=False)
+        display.fill(0)
+        for x in range(display.width):
+            # using the FrameBuffer text result
+            bite = buf[x]
+            for y in range(display.height):
+                bit = 1 << y & bite
+                # if bit > 0 then set the pixel brightness
+                if bit:
+                    display.pixel(
+                        x, y, pixel_brightness, blink=pixel_blink, rotate=pixel_rotation
+                    )

From 3232d2837aae268a3179b4741e6eb18578ae39cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Mar 2024 00:52:22 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/33] Cleaning up pylint errors

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py               | 32 +++++++++----------
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py                 |  8 ++---
 examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py | 22 ++++++-------
 3 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index bece7b9..9f1f9dc 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class IS31FL3731:
     width: int = 16
     height: int = 9
 
-    def __init__(self, i2c: busio.I2C, address: int = 0x74, frames: int = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, i2c: None, address: int = 0x74, frames: int = None) -> None:
         self.i2c_device = I2CDevice(i2c, address)
         self._frame = None
         self._init(frames=frames)
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ def pixel_addr(x, y):
         """Calulate the offset into the device array for x,y pixel"""
         return x + y * 16
 
-    # pylint: disable-msg=too-many-arguments
+    # pylint: disable-msg=too-many-arguments, too-many-branches
     def pixel(
         self,
         x: int,
@@ -350,27 +350,27 @@ def pixel(
             raise ValueError("Rotation must be 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees")
 
         if rotate == 0:
-            if not 0 <= x <= self.width:
-                return None
-            if not 0 <= y <= self.height:
+            check_x = 0 <= x <= self.width
+            check_y = 0 <= y <= self.height
+            if not (check_x and check_y):
                 return None
             pixel = self.pixel_addr(x, y)
         elif rotate == 90:
-            if not 0 <= y <= self.width:
-                return None
-            if not 0 <= x <= self.height:
+            check_x = 0 <= y <= self.width
+            check_y = 0 <= x <= self.height
+            if not (check_x and check_y):
                 return None
             pixel = self.pixel_addr(y, self.height - x - 1)
         elif rotate == 180:
-            if not 0 <= x <= self.width:
-                return None
-            if not 0 <= y <= self.height:
+            check_x = 0 <= x <= self.width
+            check_y = 0 <= y <= self.height
+            if not (check_x and check_y):
                 return None
             pixel = self.pixel_addr(self.width - x - 1, self.height - y - 1)
         elif rotate == 270:
-            if not 0 <= y <= self.width:
-                return None
-            if not 0 <= x <= self.height:
+            check_x = 0 <= y <= self.width
+            check_y = 0 <= x <= self.height
+            if not (check_x and check_y):
                 return None
             pixel = self.pixel_addr(self.width - y - 1, x)
 
@@ -410,9 +410,7 @@ def image(self, img: bytes = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0) -> bytes
         imwidth, imheight = img.size
         if imwidth != self.width or imheight != self.height:
             raise ValueError(
-                "Image must be same dimensions as display ({0}x{1}).".format(
-                    self.width, self.height
-                )
+                f"Image must be same dimensions as display {self.width}x{self.height}"
             )
         # Grab all the pixels from the image, faster than getpixel.
         pixels = img.load()
diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 22da603..acedfe3 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 from . import IS31FL3731
 
 try:
-    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple
+    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
@@ -69,13 +69,11 @@ def image(self, img: str = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0):
             raise ValueError("Image must be in mode L.")
         if img.size[0] != self.width or img.size[1] != self.height:
             raise ValueError(
-                "Image must be same dimensions as display ({0}x{1}).".format(
-                    self.width, self.height
-                )
+                f"Image must be same dimensions as display {self.width}x{self.height}"
             )
 
         # Frame-select and then write pixel data in one big operation
-        if frame is not 0:
+        if frame != 0:
             self._bank(frame)
         # We can safely reduce the image to a "flat" byte sequence because
         # the matrix layout is known linear; no need to go through a 2D
diff --git a/examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py b/examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py
index 8c5bed6..6c2878e 100644
--- a/examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py
+++ b/examples/is31fl3731_16x9_charlieplexed_pwm.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 DJDevon3
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 """ Adafruit 16x9 Charlieplexed PWM LED Matrix Example """
-
+# pylint: disable=import-error
 import board
 import adafruit_framebuf
 
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@
 i2c = board.STEMMA_I2C()
 display = Display(i2c, address=0x74)
 
-pixel_rotation = 90  # display rotation (0,90,180,270)
-pixel_brightness = 20  # values (0-255)
-pixel_blink = False  # blink entire display
+PIXEL_ROTATION = 0  # display rotation (0,90,180,270)
+PIXEL_BRIGHTNESS = 20  # values (0-255)
+PIXEL_BLINK = False  # blink entire display
 
-text_to_show = "Hello World!"  # Scrolling marquee text
+TEXT = "Hello World!"  # Scrolling marquee text
 
 print(f"Display Dimensions: {display.width}x{display.height}")
-print(f"Text: {text_to_show}")
+print(f"Text: {TEXT}")
 
 # Create a framebuffer for our display
 buf = bytearray(32)  # 2 bytes tall x 16 wide = 32 bytes (9 bits is 2 bytes)
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@
     buf, display.width, display.height, adafruit_framebuf.MVLSB
 )
 
-frame = 0  # start with frame 0
+FRAME = 0  # start with frame 0
 while True:
     # Looping marquee
-    for i in range(len(text_to_show) * 9):
+    for i in range(len(TEXT) * 9):
         buffer.fill(0)
-        buffer.text(text_to_show, -i + display.width, 0, color=1)
-        display.frame(frame, show=False)
+        buffer.text(TEXT, -i + display.width, 0, color=1)
+        display.frame(FRAME, show=False)
         display.fill(0)
         for x in range(display.width):
             # using the FrameBuffer text result
@@ -45,5 +45,5 @@
                 # if bit > 0 then set the pixel brightness
                 if bit:
                     display.pixel(
-                        x, y, pixel_brightness, blink=pixel_blink, rotate=pixel_rotation
+                        x, y, PIXEL_BRIGHTNESS, blink=PIXEL_BLINK, rotate=PIXEL_ROTATION
                     )

From 35b4ac833f13f9c28336dfe5533e16efc3529255 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 06:53:07 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/33] Attempt #2 also ran black formatter

I'm pretty sure I won't even get it on my 2nd attempt so might as well number them.
---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py   |  4 +-
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 9f1f9dc..874ad44 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -104,12 +104,19 @@ class IS31FL3731:
     width: int = 16
     height: int = 9
 
-    def __init__(self, i2c: None, address: int = 0x74, frames: int = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        i2c: busio.I2C,
+        frames: Optional[int] = None,
+        address: int = 0x74,
+    ):
         self.i2c_device = I2CDevice(i2c, address)
         self._frame = None
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
-    def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg: int = None, result: bytes = None) -> bytes:
+    def _i2c_read_reg(
+        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[ReadableBuffer] = None
+    ) -> Optional[ReadableBuffer]:
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.
@@ -118,18 +125,20 @@ def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg: int = None, result: bytes = None) -> bytes:
             return result
         return None
 
-    def _i2c_write_reg(self, reg: int = None, data: bytes = None) -> bytes:
+    def _i2c_write_reg(
+        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, data: Optional[ReadableBuffer] = None
+    ) -> None:
         # Write a contiguous block of data (bytearray) starting at the
         # specified I2C register address (register passed as argument).
         self._i2c_write_block(bytes([reg]) + data)
 
-    def _i2c_write_block(self, data: bytes = None) -> bytes:
+    def _i2c_write_block(self, data: Optional[ReadableBuffer]) -> None:
         # Write a buffer of data (byte array) to the specified I2C register
         # address.
         with self.i2c_device as i2c:
             i2c.write(data)
 
-    def _bank(self, bank: int = None) -> int:
+    def _bank(self, bank: Optional[int] = None) -> Optional[int]:
         if bank is None:
             result = bytearray(1)
             return self._i2c_read_reg(_BANK_ADDRESS, result)[0]
@@ -137,21 +146,23 @@ def _bank(self, bank: int = None) -> int:
         return None
 
     def _register(
-        self, bank: int = None, register: int = None, value: int = None
-    ) -> int:
+        self,
+        bank: Optional[int] = None,
+        register: Optional[int] = None,
+        value: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
         self._bank(bank)
         if value is None:
             result = bytearray(1)
-            print(f"Register: {result}")
             return self._i2c_read_reg(register, result)[0]
         self._i2c_write_reg(register, bytearray([value]))
         return None
 
-    def _mode(self, mode=None):
+    def _mode(self, mode: Optional[int] = None) -> int:
         """Function for setting _register mode"""
         return self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _MODE_REGISTER, mode)
 
-    def _init(self, frames: int = 0) -> int:
+    def _init(self, frames: Iterable) -> None:
         self.sleep(True)
         # Clear config; sets to Picture Mode, no audio sync, maintains sleep
         self._bank(_CONFIG_BANK)
@@ -174,7 +185,7 @@ def reset(self):
         time.sleep(0.01)  # 10 MS pause to reset.
         self.sleep(False)
 
-    def sleep(self, value: bool = False):
+    def sleep(self, value):
         """
         Set the Software Shutdown Register bit
 
@@ -182,7 +193,12 @@ def sleep(self, value: bool = False):
         """
         return self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _SHUTDOWN_REGISTER, not value)
 
-    def autoplay(self, delay: float = 0.0, loops: int = 0, frames: int = 0) -> int:
+    def autoplay(
+        self,
+        delay: Optional[int] = None,
+        loops: Optional[Iterable] = None,
+        frames: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> int:
         """
         Start autoplay
 
@@ -204,7 +220,12 @@ def autoplay(self, delay: float = 0.0, loops: int = 0, frames: int = 0) -> int:
         self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _AUTOPLAY2_REGISTER, delay % 64)
         self._mode(_AUTOPLAY_MODE | self._frame)
 
-    def fade(self, fade_in: int = None, fade_out: int = None, pause: int = 0) -> int:
+    def fade(
+        self,
+        fade_in: Optional[int] = None,
+        fade_out: Optional[int] = None,
+        pause: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> int:
         """
         Start and stop the fade feature.  If both fade_in and fade_out are None (the
         default), the breath feature is used for fading.  if fade_in is None, then
@@ -237,7 +258,7 @@ def fade(self, fade_in: int = None, fade_out: int = None, pause: int = 0) -> int
         self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _BREATH1_REGISTER, fade_out << 4 | fade_in)
         self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _BREATH2_REGISTER, 1 << 4 | pause)
 
-    def frame(self, frame: int = None, show: bool = True) -> int:
+    def frame(self, frame: Optional[int] = None, show: bool = True) -> Optional[int]:
         """
         Set the current frame
 
@@ -253,17 +274,17 @@ def frame(self, frame: int = None, show: bool = True) -> int:
             self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _FRAME_REGISTER, frame)
         return None
 
-    def audio_sync(self, value: int = None) -> int:
+    def audio_sync(self, value: Optional[int]) -> Optional[int]:
         """Set the audio sync feature register"""
         return self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _AUDIOSYNC_REGISTER, value)
 
     def audio_play(
         self,
-        sample_rate: int = 0,
+        sample_rate: int,
         audio_gain: int = 0,
         agc_enable: bool = False,
         agc_fast: bool = False,
-    ) -> int:
+    ) -> None:
         """Controls the audio play feature"""
         if sample_rate == 0:
             self._mode(_PICTURE_MODE)
@@ -282,7 +303,7 @@ def audio_play(
         )
         self._mode(_AUDIOPLAY_MODE)
 
-    def blink(self, rate: int = None) -> int:
+    def blink(self, rate: Optional[int]) -> Optional[int]:
         """Updates the blink register"""
         # pylint: disable=no-else-return
         # This needs to be refactored when it can be tested
@@ -295,7 +316,12 @@ def blink(self, rate: int = None) -> int:
         self._register(_CONFIG_BANK, _BLINK_REGISTER, rate & 0x07 | 0x08)
         return None
 
-    def fill(self, color: int = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0) -> int:
+    def fill(
+        self,
+        color: Optional[int] = None,
+        frame: Optional[int] = None,
+        blink: bool = False,
+    ):
         """
         Fill the display with a brightness level
 
@@ -321,20 +347,20 @@ def fill(self, color: int = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0) -> int:
 
     # This function must be replaced for each board
     @staticmethod
-    def pixel_addr(x, y):
+    def pixel_addr(x: int, y: int) -> int:
         """Calulate the offset into the device array for x,y pixel"""
         return x + y * 16
 
-    # pylint: disable-msg=too-many-arguments, too-many-branches
+    # pylint: disable-msg=too-many-arguments
     def pixel(
         self,
         x: int,
         y: int,
-        color: int = 255,
+        color: Optional[int] = None,
+        frame: Optional[int] = None,
         blink: bool = False,
-        frame: int = 0,
         rotate: int = 0,
-    ):
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
         """
         Matrix display configuration
 
@@ -397,7 +423,7 @@ def pixel(
 
     # pylint: enable-msg=too-many-arguments
 
-    def image(self, img: bytes = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0) -> bytes:
+    def image(self, img: Optional[str], frame: Optional[int], blink: bool = False):
         """Set buffer to value of Python Imaging Library image.  The image should
         be in 8-bit mode (L) and a size equal to the display size.
 
@@ -410,7 +436,9 @@ def image(self, img: bytes = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0) -> bytes
         imwidth, imheight = img.size
         if imwidth != self.width or imheight != self.height:
             raise ValueError(
-                f"Image must be same dimensions as display {self.width}x{self.height}"
+                "Image must be same dimensions as display ({0}x{1}).".format(
+                    self.width, self.height
+                )
             )
         # Grab all the pixels from the image, faster than getpixel.
         pixels = img.load()
diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index acedfe3..c4d79ac 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def pixel_addr(x: int, y: int) -> int:
     # for animation. Buffering the full matrix for a quick write is not a
     # memory concern here, as by definition this method is used with PIL
     # images; we're not running on a RAM-constrained microcontroller.
-    def image(self, img: str = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0):
+    def image(self, img: Optional[Image], frame: Optional[int], blink: bool = False):
         """Set buffer to value of Python Imaging Library image.
         The image should be in 8-bit mode (L) and a size equal to the
         display size.
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def image(self, img: str = None, blink: bool = False, frame: int = 0):
             )
 
         # Frame-select and then write pixel data in one big operation
-        if frame != 0:
+        if frame is not None:
             self._bank(frame)
         # We can safely reduce the image to a "flat" byte sequence because
         # the matrix layout is known linear; no need to go through a 2D

From 757584ac7c3a7ddba036c108844ecee43af9bc53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 07:30:29 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/33]  attempt 3 (import Optional)

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 2 +-
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 874ad44..2c7e5d5 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, Optional
         import busio
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index c4d79ac..8e02a60 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, Optional
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From 17d924192a1e57908327ec482ee1c745be6bcdc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 07:34:18 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/33] attempt 4 (import Iterable)

Making progress, cutting down the amount of errors.
---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 2 +-
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 2c7e5d5..a52eb87 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, Optional
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, Optional, Iterable
         import busio
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 8e02a60..477e350 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, Optional
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, Optional, Image
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From 6d70dd7a6728b6610f752552e1b157f3232d0853 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 07:42:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/33] lets just throw stuff at pylint and see what works...

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 5 +++--
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py   | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index a52eb87..2aef105 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -56,10 +56,11 @@
 from adafruit_bus_device.i2c_device import I2CDevice
 
 try:
-    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple
+    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable
+    from PIL import Image
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, Optional, Iterable
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
         import busio
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 477e350..5e5b927 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
 from . import IS31FL3731
 
 try:
-    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Image
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, Optional, Image
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From 9f6ab0c444fd74beddb3429d802ee773ef1dde63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 07:49:40 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/33] making progress, down to 3 errors.

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 2aef105..2f3fc79 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@
   https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython/releases
 
 """
-
 # imports
 import math
 import time
@@ -55,13 +54,13 @@
 
 from adafruit_bus_device.i2c_device import I2CDevice
 
+import busio
 try:
-    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable
+    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable, ReadableBuffer
     from PIL import Image
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
-        import busio
+        import circuitpython_typing
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 
@@ -372,6 +371,7 @@ def pixel(
         :param frame: int the frame to set the pixel, default 0
         :param rotate: int display rotation (0, 90, 180, 270)
         """
+        #pylint: disable=too-many-branches
 
         if rotate not in (0, 90, 180, 270):
             raise ValueError("Rotation must be 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees")

From 927c33fcf9e7772ef8176f247c400c795e02cecb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 07:51:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/33] 1 error for black so close!

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 2f3fc79..39e21c4 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 from adafruit_bus_device.i2c_device import I2CDevice
 
 import busio
+
 try:
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable, ReadableBuffer
     from PIL import Image
@@ -371,7 +372,7 @@ def pixel(
         :param frame: int the frame to set the pixel, default 0
         :param rotate: int display rotation (0, 90, 180, 270)
         """
-        #pylint: disable=too-many-branches
+        # pylint: disable=too-many-branches
 
         if rotate not in (0, 90, 180, 270):
             raise ValueError("Rotation must be 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees")

From 2e9d20b21eb3c6c42163cf1a630c213144077a55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 07:56:06 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/33] oh come on! fine set it on both imports, see how ya
 like that pylint.

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 39e21c4..9fea6c2 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
     from PIL import Image
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        import circuitpython_typing
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From e44eae5635256ce7f302a9929491570f246e1aee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 08:13:23 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/33] Ran to ChatGPT for help and here's what it says to do.

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 9fea6c2..36cbc49 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 import busio
 
 try:
-    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable, ReadableBuffer
+    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable
     from PIL import Image
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 
+
 __version__ = "0.0.0+auto.0"
 __repo__ = "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_IS31FL3731.git"
 

From e406fb9a5e62d72fc23f395dcb13996eddcf9e81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 08:39:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/33] remove if TYPE_CHECKING, this will probably fail in
 Blinka , let Melissa figure it out?

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 36cbc49..2dc48fe 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -59,9 +59,7 @@
 try:
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable
     from PIL import Image
-
-    if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
+    from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From d7ff776b05aeb46898c4886d8de23e18966c8b2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 08:45:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/33] let's see if pylint fails with a class does not exist

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 2dc48fe..bc240c4 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@
 try:
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable
     from PIL import Image
-    from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from circuitpython_typing import CompletelyMadeUpTest
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From a65e2712bc7f0a18d624d85d398bfed2742f4cb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 08:48:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/33] this is not fun

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index bc240c4..36cbc49 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
     from PIL import Image
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import CompletelyMadeUpTest
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From 57f2d1b3b43efebb1038fbd0fa629d6300e88d1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 08:52:38 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/33] breaking out the None hammer

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 36cbc49..8077b9b 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def __init__(
 
     def _i2c_read_reg(
         self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[ReadableBuffer] = None
-    ) -> Optional[ReadableBuffer]:
+    ) -> None:
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.

From 4dc90541ff8bf32f748fcf11a6762f2c33360e5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 08:57:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/33] delete and skip this part?

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 8077b9b..6185714 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def __init__(
 
     def _i2c_read_reg(
         self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[ReadableBuffer] = None
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.

From 58d95bd47f661e1066f23a0625dcd64c8eb2e58e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 09:03:28 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 16/33] change it to Optional[int], deal with it later.

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 6185714..2f22d2f 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -116,9 +116,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._frame = None
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
-    def _i2c_read_reg(
-        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[ReadableBuffer] = None
-    ):
+    def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[int] = None):
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.

From 4fb28c3a1e2f8dba9b02ceb657cb096aace82ad0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 09:24:11 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 17/33] can has WriteableBuffer?

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 2f22d2f..f53d957 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._frame = None
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
-    def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[int] = None):
+    def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[WritableBuffer] = None):
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.

From de5a15c95b6fd87c6c9f48a54101e1eab256fd10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 09:26:01 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 18/33] every...time... black

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index f53d957..adf879a 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
     from PIL import Image
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WritableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 
@@ -116,7 +116,9 @@ def __init__(
         self._frame = None
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
-    def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[WritableBuffer] = None):
+    def _i2c_read_reg(
+        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[WritableBuffer] = None
+    ):
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.

From 5c5f45b5cbccfd4c850a193ec7b5b512a9f632c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 09:34:28 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 19/33] this is why i can't have nice things

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index adf879a..c984672 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
     def _i2c_read_reg(
-        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[WritableBuffer] = None
+        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: WritableBuffer[bytearray] = None
     ):
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes

From 888bd3240ec5ec9ebbe8b0fae16e80d8614004e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 09:55:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 20/33] lets try all the hundreds of different possible
 syntaxes...

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index c984672..2aec87d 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ def __init__(
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
     def _i2c_read_reg(
-        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: WritableBuffer[bytearray] = None
-    ):
+        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[WritableBuffer] = None
+    ) -> Optional[WriteableBuffer]:
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.

From 13236c40a72095bf4bb61147162bca8c44a10535 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 11:12:14 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 21/33] Using variable before assignment

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 16 +++++-----------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 2aec87d..d1b656f 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
     from PIL import Image
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WritableBuffer
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 
@@ -116,9 +116,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._frame = None
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
-    def _i2c_read_reg(
-        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[WritableBuffer] = None
-    ) -> Optional[WriteableBuffer]:
+    def _i2c_read_reg(self, result: WriteableBuffer, reg: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.
@@ -127,14 +125,12 @@ def _i2c_read_reg(
             return result
         return None
 
-    def _i2c_write_reg(
-        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, data: Optional[ReadableBuffer] = None
-    ) -> None:
+    def _i2c_write_reg(self, data: ReadableBuffer, reg: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
         # Write a contiguous block of data (bytearray) starting at the
         # specified I2C register address (register passed as argument).
         self._i2c_write_block(bytes([reg]) + data)
 
-    def _i2c_write_block(self, data: Optional[ReadableBuffer]) -> None:
+    def _i2c_write_block(self, data: ReadableBuffer) -> None:
         # Write a buffer of data (byte array) to the specified I2C register
         # address.
         with self.i2c_device as i2c:
@@ -439,9 +435,7 @@ def image(self, img: Optional[str], frame: Optional[int], blink: bool = False):
         imwidth, imheight = img.size
         if imwidth != self.width or imheight != self.height:
             raise ValueError(
-                "Image must be same dimensions as display ({0}x{1}).".format(
-                    self.width, self.height
-                )
+                f"Image must be same dimensions as display {self.width}x{self.height}"
             )
         # Grab all the pixels from the image, faster than getpixel.
         pixels = img.load()

From c80cc25ba9d3a73d5370d39c9755f3072b92abd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 11:22:06 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 22/33] Leroyyyyy Jenkins

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index d1b656f..86e393d 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -59,9 +59,7 @@
 try:
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable
     from PIL import Image
-
-    if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
+    from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From 1cbd7c465ac824ed9e10084ea560d220e738c52b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 11:25:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 23/33] at least i got chicken

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 86e393d..a569cf6 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@
 from adafruit_bus_device.i2c_device import I2CDevice
 
 import busio
+from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
 
 try:
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable
     from PIL import Image
-    from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From 393aeb8c95e5fee2ff020da7b58e887cf3d1e902 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 11:34:38 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 24/33] i'm drowning

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index a569cf6..0dc192d 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -54,12 +54,22 @@
 
 from adafruit_bus_device.i2c_device import I2CDevice
 
-import busio
-from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
-
 try:
-    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Optional, Iterable
+    import typing
+    import busio
+    from typing import (
+        TYPE_CHECKING,
+        List,
+        Tuple,
+        Optional,
+        Iterable,
+        ReadableBuffer,
+        WriteableBuffer,
+    )
     from PIL import Image
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From e2b91c244f5215d1f62250f9bb041d05e8754a07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 02:02:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 25/33] in my hour of deperation, chatgpt

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 23 +++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 0dc192d..31539cd 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -57,19 +57,22 @@
 try:
     import typing
     import busio
+    from circuitpython_typing import TypeAlias, Union
+    from circuitpython_typing import (
+        WriteableBuffer,
+        ReadableBuffer,
+    )  # Import ReadableBuffer here
+
     from typing import (
         TYPE_CHECKING,
         List,
         Tuple,
         Optional,
         Iterable,
-        ReadableBuffer,
-        WriteableBuffer,
     )
+
     from PIL import Image
 
-    if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._frame = None
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
-    def _i2c_read_reg(self, result: WriteableBuffer, reg: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
+    def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[int] = None):
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.
@@ -133,12 +136,14 @@ def _i2c_read_reg(self, result: WriteableBuffer, reg: Optional[int] = None) -> N
             return result
         return None
 
-    def _i2c_write_reg(self, data: ReadableBuffer, reg: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
+    def _i2c_write_reg(
+        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, data: Optional[ReadableBuffer] = None
+    ) -> None:
         # Write a contiguous block of data (bytearray) starting at the
         # specified I2C register address (register passed as argument).
         self._i2c_write_block(bytes([reg]) + data)
 
-    def _i2c_write_block(self, data: ReadableBuffer) -> None:
+    def _i2c_write_block(self, data: Optional[ReadableBuffer]) -> None:
         # Write a buffer of data (byte array) to the specified I2C register
         # address.
         with self.i2c_device as i2c:
@@ -443,7 +448,9 @@ def image(self, img: Optional[str], frame: Optional[int], blink: bool = False):
         imwidth, imheight = img.size
         if imwidth != self.width or imheight != self.height:
             raise ValueError(
-                f"Image must be same dimensions as display {self.width}x{self.height}"
+                "Image must be same dimensions as display ({0}x{1}).".format(
+                    self.width, self.height
+                )
             )
         # Grab all the pixels from the image, faster than getpixel.
         pixels = img.load()

From d4e54c9a50ce4c1cbb1fd66934b4dc785b8b372a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 02:13:24 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 26/33] check for linux if attempting to use PIL

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 5e5b927..1c62526 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -30,10 +30,15 @@
 from . import IS31FL3731
 
 try:
-    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Image
+    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
+
+    import sys
+
+    if sys.platform == "linux":
+        from PIL import Image
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From b5b921af846cbc4c86fa43466372031338ad6d57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 02:17:03 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 27/33] trying different import order

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 1c62526..4418ecc 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 """
 
 # imports
-from . import IS31FL3731
-
 try:
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
@@ -42,6 +40,8 @@
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 
+from . import IS31FL3731
+
 
 class Matrix(IS31FL3731):
     """Charlieplexed Featherwing & IS31FL3731 I2C Modules"""

From cbdf431e65f284bce955bf8fc84be0ed01075c11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 02:32:23 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 28/33] pil is pil.py not pillow?

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py | 10 +++-------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 4418ecc..f77f6a2 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -27,21 +27,17 @@
 """
 
 # imports
+from . import IS31FL3731
+from .pil import Image  # Import Image from the pil module
+
 try:
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
-
-    import sys
-
-    if sys.platform == "linux":
-        from PIL import Image
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 
-from . import IS31FL3731
-
 
 class Matrix(IS31FL3731):
     """Charlieplexed Featherwing & IS31FL3731 I2C Modules"""

From 251155c81fa1e60641968bc542a421ad6920b5a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 02:35:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 29/33] pil Image is part of circuitpython_typing?

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index f77f6a2..1a52972 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@
 
 # imports
 from . import IS31FL3731
-from .pil import Image  # Import Image from the pil module
+from .circuitpython_typing.pil import (
+    Image,
+)  # Import Image from the pil module within circuitpython_typing
 
 try:
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional

From c56891c3b3cb2f575354efeb952ff1cecf852097 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 02:44:04 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 30/33] can i make all the things optional?

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py | 9 ++-------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 1a52972..1e1aca0 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -28,15 +28,10 @@
 
 # imports
 from . import IS31FL3731
-from .circuitpython_typing.pil import (
-    Image,
-)  # Import Image from the pil module within circuitpython_typing
 
 try:
-    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
-
-    if TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from circuitpython_typing import ReadableBuffer
+    from typing import Optional
+    from circuitpython_typing import Image
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 

From 72a3262338a4a7e87c9e36681602f8274643b7d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DJDevon3 <49322231+DJDevon3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 02:57:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 31/33] Welcome to Costco, I love you.

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 1e1aca0..79386d8 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@
 
 try:
     from typing import Optional
-    from circuitpython_typing import Image
+
+    # Define a placeholder for Image if it's not available
+    IMAGE = None
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ def pixel_addr(x: int, y: int) -> int:
     # for animation. Buffering the full matrix for a quick write is not a
     # memory concern here, as by definition this method is used with PIL
     # images; we're not running on a RAM-constrained microcontroller.
-    def image(self, img: Optional[Image], frame: Optional[int], blink: bool = False):
+    def image(self, img: Optional[IMAGE], frame: Optional[int], blink: bool = False):
         """Set buffer to value of Python Imaging Library image.
         The image should be in 8-bit mode (L) and a size equal to the
         display size.

From c2af4be0588fb7ea26fe1dc71e9edf43ed0fbe92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: foamyguy <foamyguy@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 May 2024 11:40:22 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 32/33] typing tweaks

---
 adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py | 28 ++++++++++++++++------------
 adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py   |  9 ++++++---
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
index 31539cd..01ae103 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/__init__.py
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class IS31FL3731:
 
     :param ~busio.I2C i2c: the connected i2c bus i2c_device
     :param int address: the device address; defaults to 0x74
-    :param int frames: static 0 or animation frames (0-7)
+    :param Iterable frames: list of frame indexes to use. int's 0-7.
     """
 
     width: int = 16
@@ -120,14 +120,16 @@ class IS31FL3731:
     def __init__(
         self,
         i2c: busio.I2C,
-        frames: Optional[int] = None,
+        frames: Optional[Iterable] = None,
         address: int = 0x74,
     ):
         self.i2c_device = I2CDevice(i2c, address)
         self._frame = None
         self._init(frames=frames)
 
-    def _i2c_read_reg(self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[int] = None):
+    def _i2c_read_reg(
+        self, reg: Optional[int] = None, result: Optional[WriteableBuffer] = None
+    ) -> Optional[WriteableBuffer]:
         # Read a buffer of data from the specified 8-bit I2C register address.
         # The provided result parameter will be filled to capacity with bytes
         # of data read from the register.
@@ -190,13 +192,13 @@ def _init(self, frames: Iterable) -> None:
         self._frame = 0  # To match config bytes above
         self.sleep(False)
 
-    def reset(self):
+    def reset(self) -> None:
         """Kill the display for 10MS"""
         self.sleep(True)
         time.sleep(0.01)  # 10 MS pause to reset.
         self.sleep(False)
 
-    def sleep(self, value):
+    def sleep(self, value: bool) -> Optional[int]:
         """
         Set the Software Shutdown Register bit
 
@@ -206,10 +208,10 @@ def sleep(self, value):
 
     def autoplay(
         self,
-        delay: Optional[int] = None,
-        loops: Optional[Iterable] = None,
-        frames: Optional[int] = None,
-    ) -> int:
+        delay: int = 0,
+        loops: int = 0,
+        frames: int = 0,
+    ) -> None:
         """
         Start autoplay
 
@@ -235,7 +237,7 @@ def fade(
         self,
         fade_in: Optional[int] = None,
         fade_out: Optional[int] = None,
-        pause: Optional[int] = None,
+        pause: int = 0,
     ) -> int:
         """
         Start and stop the fade feature.  If both fade_in and fade_out are None (the
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ def audio_play(
         )
         self._mode(_AUDIOPLAY_MODE)
 
-    def blink(self, rate: Optional[int]) -> Optional[int]:
+    def blink(self, rate: Optional[int] = None) -> Optional[int]:
         """Updates the blink register"""
         # pylint: disable=no-else-return
         # This needs to be refactored when it can be tested
@@ -435,7 +437,9 @@ def pixel(
 
     # pylint: enable-msg=too-many-arguments
 
-    def image(self, img: Optional[str], frame: Optional[int], blink: bool = False):
+    def image(
+        self, img: Image, frame: Optional[int] = None, blink: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
         """Set buffer to value of Python Imaging Library image.  The image should
         be in 8-bit mode (L) and a size equal to the display size.
 
diff --git a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
index 79386d8..73a2409 100644
--- a/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
+++ b/adafruit_is31fl3731/matrix.py
@@ -32,8 +32,11 @@
 try:
     from typing import Optional
 
-    # Define a placeholder for Image if it's not available
-    IMAGE = None
+    try:
+        from PIL import Image
+    except ImportError:
+        # placeholder if PIL unavailable
+        Image = None
 except ImportError as e:
     pass
 
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ def pixel_addr(x: int, y: int) -> int:
     # for animation. Buffering the full matrix for a quick write is not a
     # memory concern here, as by definition this method is used with PIL
     # images; we're not running on a RAM-constrained microcontroller.
-    def image(self, img: Optional[IMAGE], frame: Optional[int], blink: bool = False):
+    def image(self, img: Image, frame: Optional[int] = None, blink: bool = False):
         """Set buffer to value of Python Imaging Library image.
         The image should be in 8-bit mode (L) and a size equal to the
         display size.

From 9cf72647652f483f3f0f5ceb79f6c3ffe8bd0b53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: foamyguy <foamyguy@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 May 2024 11:53:34 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 33/33] add PIL to optional reqs

---
 optional_requirements.txt | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/optional_requirements.txt b/optional_requirements.txt
index dcabec4..afdd721 100644
--- a/optional_requirements.txt
+++ b/optional_requirements.txt
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
 
 adafruit-circuitpython-framebuf
+pillow