Bring in some changes (#85)

* Update initialization.md

* Add footnote softening the use of "wrong"

Co-Authored-By: Ken Fogel <[email protected]>

* Explain backslash and forward slash

Co-Authored-By: Dain LaRock <[email protected]>

* Resolve #54

* Use IO.readln

* Add OffsetDateTime chapter

* Chapter on Date

* Switch and recursion

* Loops III

* Checkpoint

* More reflection

* checkpoint

* Numerics

* IO println

* Checkpoint

* Update other prints

* ..

* Remove junk files

* Update code runner

* Update switch

---------

Co-authored-by: Ken Fogel <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Dain LaRock <[email protected]>

Author: 3 people

src/SUMMARY.md

@@ -12,7 +12,38 @@
     - [Tour of Scala](./examples/tour_of_scala.md)
     - [tutorialspoint](./examples/tutorialspoint.md)
     - [tutorialspoint paid course](./examples/tutorialspoint_paid.md)
-    - [w3schools](./examples/w3schools.md) -->
+    - [w3schools](./examples/w3schools.md)
+    
+Project ideas:
+    calorie tracker
+    tic tac toe
+    chess
+    go
+    CSV
+    image stuff with the PPM format
+
+    swing game - maybe have a simplified game engine
+
+    fixed time loop game
+
+    opengl/ffm
+
+version control
+
+something with statistics
+newton raphston
+
+airplane physics program
+ball throw physics program
+chemical stuff
+
+(after bytes) Make an audio file. Play hot cross buns.
+
+snake
+2048
+colors
+battleship
+-->
 
 # Modern Java
 

src/collections/factories.md

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ class Main {
 }
 ```
 
+
 If you want the opposite - if you want to make a copy of something like an `ArrayList`
 which does not support `.add`, `.remove`, etc. - you can use `copyOf`.
 

src/encapsulation/classes.md

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
 }
 ```
 
+
 People who write programs that depend on calling `.add` on an `ArrayList` do not need
 to understand how or when the internal `elementData` and `size` fields are updated. Those also
 need not be the only fields that exist. All that is required is "calling `.add` will add an element to the list."

src/hash_maps/appropriate_keys.md

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 Both objects with reference based and value based definitions of `equals` and `hashCode` 
 are "appropriate" to use as keys in `HashMap`s.
 
-The most important thing to be careful of is using objects where`equals` and `hashCode` 
+
+The most important thing to be careful of is using objects where `equals` and `hashCode` 
 are value based, but the object itself is mutable.
 
 ```java

src/hash_maps/value_based_identity.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Value Based Identity
 
+
 While reference based identity can be useful, it's often not what you want for keys in a `HashMap`.
 Ideally if you are looking up `"Tow Mater"` you shouldn't have to be careful to ensure it's the *same*
 instance of `String`, all you care about is that it contains the right characters.

src/interfaces_ii.md

@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
 Interfaces let you describe a common set of methods shared
 by different implementing classes.
 
+
 They can do slightly more than this though and it's helpful
 to know about.

src/switch/exhaustiveness.md

@@ -23,10 +23,36 @@ String describe(int number) {
 }
 ```
 
-When you have something like an enum you don't need a `default` case
-because you can handle every variant explicitly.
+When you have something like an enum you might think you don't need a `default` case
+because you can handle every variant explicitly.[^sometimes]
 
-```java,no_run
+```java,no_run,does_not_compile
+enum Bird {
+    TURKEY,
+    EAGLE,
+    WOODPECKER
+}
+
+boolean isScary(Bird bird) {
+    switch (bird) {
+        case TURKEY -> {
+            return true;
+        }
+        case EAGLE -> {
+            return true;
+        }
+        case WOODPECKER -> {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+This is, unfortunately, not the case for a switch statement. 
+You either need a `default` case or to have an explicit `case null` to handle the
+possibility that the enum value is `null`.[^lies]
+
+```java,no_run,does_not_compile
 enum Bird {
     TURKEY,
     EAGLE,
@@ -44,6 +70,17 @@ boolean isScary(Bird bird) {
         case WOODPECKER -> {
             return false;
         }
+        // Need to handle the possibility of null
+        // or give a "default ->"
+        case null -> {
+            // You might want to return a value or just crash
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 }
-```
+```
+
+[^sometimes]: This is sometimes the case! It is really just this specific form of switch that has this restriction.
+
+[^lies]: Remember at the very start when I said I was going to lie to you? This is one of those lies. The real reason for this restriction has to do with how Java compiles switch statements and a concept called "separate compilation." Basically
+even though we know you covered all the enum variants, Java still makes you account for if a new enum variant was added later on. It doesn't do this for all forms of `switch` though.

theme/book.js

@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ function playground_text(playground, hidden = true) {
     let text = playground_text(code_block);
 
     var params = {
-      release: '22',
+      release: '25',
       runtime: 'latest',
       action: 'run',
-      preview: true,
+      preview: false,
       code: text,
     };