Document the spec of dynamic validators

Author: Seulgi Kim

spec/Dynamic-Validator.md

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+# Dynamic Validator
+
+## Constants
+| name                             | value         |
+|----------------------------------|---------------|
+| **TERM**                         | 1 hour        |
+| **NOMINATION_EXPIRATION**        | 24 **TERM**s  |
+| **CUSTODY_PERIOD**               | 24 **TERM**s  |
+| **RELEASE_PERIOD**               | 240 **TERM**s |
+| **WITHDRAW_DELAY**               | 1 **TERM**    |
+| **MAX_NUM_OF_VALIDATORS**        | 30            |
+| **MIN_NUM_OF_VALIDATORS**        | TBD           |
+| **MIN_CCS_RATE_TO_BE_VALIDATOR** | 0.01          |
+| **MIN_DEPOSIT**                  | TBD CCC       |
+
+
+## FSM of Account States
+```
+                                         +--------+  
+                              /--------->| Banned |<---+-------\
+                              |          +--------+    |       |
+                             (6)                      (6)      |
+                              |                        |       |
++----------------+ -(1)--> +-----------+ -(3)--> +-----------+ |
+| Normal Account |         | Candidate |         | Validator | |
++----------------+ <--(2)- +-----------+ <--(4)- +-----------+ |
+            ^                 ^                        |       |
+            |                 |      +--------+ <--(5)-/       |
+            |                 \-(7)- | Jailed | -(6)-----------/
+            \-------------------(9)- +--------+
+                                       ^     |
+                                       |     |
+                                       \-(8)-/
+```
+1. Send *SELF_NOMINATE*
+2. No *SELF_NOMINATE* while **NOMINATE_EXPIRATION** terms
+3. Elected
+4. End of term and the validator worked
+5. End of term and the validator didn't work
+6. Double Vote dected
+7. Send *SELF_NOMINATE* after **CUSTODY_PERIOD**
+8. Send *SELF_NOMINATE* before **CUSTODY_PERIOD**
+9. No *SELF_NOMINATE* during **RELEASE_PERIOD**
+
+## Term
+Term is a period that one elected validator set works.
+The term is almost one hour.
+The block that's generation hour is different from the parent block's is the last block of a term.
+CodeChain elects new validator set after all reward of the block is given.
+
+## Nomination
+Any account, that are not banned, can nominate itself.
+The account becomes a candidate when the sum of the deposit is more than **MIN_DEPOSIT**.
+The nomination expires after **NOMINATION_EXPIRATION**; the account who wants to remain a candidate must nominate itself before the previous nomination expires.
+The deposit revert to the account when it becomes a normal account.
+
+## Delegation
+The stakeholders have the right to choose validators as must as their shares.
+It's called a delegation.
+And the stakeholders who has been delegated called delegators.
+The delegation is valid only when the delegatee is not a normal account or not banned.
+The delegated stakes are returned when the account becomes a normal account or banned.
+
+## Election
+The process that elects validators of a term is called election.
+The election selects validators as the following rule.
+<<<<<<<
+1. **MAX_NUM_OF_VALIDATORS** accounts in order of having received many delegations.
+2. Pick **MIN_NUM_OF_VALIDATORS** accounts; they become validators.
+3. In the rest of them, drops the accounts having received less than **MIN_CCS_RATE_TO_BE_VALIDATOR**.
+4. The remains become validators.
+=======
+The initial *MIN_DELEGATION* is **MIN_CCS_RATE_TO_BE_VALIDATOR**.
+1. Pick accounts in order of having received many delegations.
+2. Drops the accounts having received more than *MIN_DELEGATION*
+3. If the number of accounts are more than **MIN_NUM_OF_VALIDATORS** selects top **MAX_NUM_OF_VALIDATORS** accounts.
+4. Otherwise, repeat from step 1 after changing *MIN_DELEGATION* to half.
+>>>>>>>
+
+## Transactions
+### SELF_NOMIATION
+* quantity
+* metadata(TBD)
+
+### WITHDRAW
+* quantity
+
+### DELEGATION
+* delegatee
+* quantity
+
+### REVOCATION
+* delegatee
+* quantity
+
+### DOUBLE_VOTE
+* header1
+* seig1
+* header2
+* sig2